1. SNV 2006 1 Johan Mellqvist, (jome@rss.chalmers.se Elisabeth Undén and Anders Strandberg Radio and Space Science Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden Solar FTIR measurements at Solar FTIR measurements at Harestua, Norway since 1994 Harestua, Norway since 1994

2. SNV 2006 2 ORS group, Radio and Space, Chalmers University of Technology High resolution FTIR Harestua Long path FTIR+tracer gas –Methane emissions from waste deposits –Emission factors from trafic (Mexico Milano) Mobile solar FTIR –CO/H2CO-Megacities (Mexico City, Milano) –Industrial emissions VOCs (alkenes, alkanes) –Volcanic emissions (HCl, HF, SO2) UV/visible –Ship emissions (SO2, NO2) –Volcanic emissions (15 volcanoes-NOVAQ) –Industrila emissions (NO2, SO2)

3. SNV 2006 3 Harestua, Norway (68 N, 11E) Complimentary NDSC site since 1994

4. SNV 2006 4 Measurements since 1994 within NDSC –1 meas/week –Yearly report to NDSC database –Quality assurance and control Stratospheric studies (Cl x, F x, N, O 3 ) –Seasonal (polar ozone depletion, chlorine activation, model comparison) –Long term studies (model, trend) –Financed by Swedish EPA EU-Geomon (previously Sesame,Theseo) Troposheric studies (CO, C2H6, O3, CH4, N2O) –Model comapriosn, trend –Finananced by EU-HYMN (prev EU-UFTIR) Satellite validation –Schimachy, MIPAS, ACE-FTS, Haloe) –Financed through EU-HYMN. (previous Swedish spaceboard and EU-COSE)

5. SNV 2006 5 FTIR (Bruker) 0.0025 cm-1 resolution New Solar tracker

6. SNV 2006 6 Halogenes

7. 7 O3 and HCl O3 HCl

8. SNV 2006 8 CO column data all UFTIR stations CO

9. SNV 2006 9 CTM2 Model and FTIR comparison

10. SNV 2006 10 C2H6 FTIR and Model comparison Model underestimates C2H6 observed columns by about 40-50% in winter/spring ; by about 25- 35% in fall; esp. at high latitudes as Harestua Changing the C2H6 emissions in the model seems to correct this problem, similar all stations, original emissions to low

11. SNV 2006 11 Tropospheric O3 and model comparison

12. SNV 2006 12 Tropospheric HCFC22 HCFC22 increasing fast

13. SNV 2006 13 Tropospheric N2O

14. SNV 2006 14 The Solar Occultation Flux method (SOF) (alkenes & alkanes) FTIR Sun tracker

15. SNV 2006 15 Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) measurements around the Houston Ship Channel and other source areas, SOF Box

16. SNV 2006 16 Ethylene mass measured downwind of HSC by mobile solar FTIR (SOF) on Aug 30 2006

17. SNV 2006 17 Improvement of the Swedish landfill methane budget Development of a measurement tool for regulatory control of landfill emissions (CH 4 ) Model validation Verification of improvement measures taken at the different landfill sites FTIR measurements of methane emissions from Swedish landfills

18. SNV 2006 18 Analysis of landfill plume CH 4 by FTIR spectroscopy The amount of CH 4 oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria in the cover soil is determined by observing the isotopic ratio of 13 CH 4 / 12 CH 4 in the landfill gas both in the anaerobic zone and in the plume. Q X = Emission rate of methane respectively tracer gas, (kgh -1 ) C X = Concentration of CH 4 resp. tracer gas, expressed as mixing ratio (ppb) M X = Molecular weight

19. SNV 2006 19 Wind direction Measurement distance 1-3 km from landfill Source of tracer gas (N 2 O)

20. SNV 2006 20 Car emission factor Ratios of various species towards CO2 in morning rush hour plume in Milano (FORMAT) Measurements by Long path FTIR (Same meas. have been done in Mexico city)

21. SNV 2006 21 Emission factors g / g fuel CO0.048 CO 2 3.1 H 2 CO 0.00028 NO0.0066 Alkanes0.0052 Alkenes0.0023 BTEX0.0051 Total HC 0.013 Emission factors for fresh emissions (morning) at Bresso (for HC based on speciation by JRC which gave that FTIR overestimated alkane mass by 14%. Ratios for alkenes, BTEX and total HC based on assumption that JRC speciation valid for fresh emissions and constant over the time period)