3. The Gulf Coastal Plains

4.  Look at your IAN and your notes about the Gulf Coastal Plain region.  Based on what you know about the region, write down at least 2 assumptions you can make about the Karankawa Indians. ◦ Shelter, food, clothing, tools  Share and discuss with your table

5.  Settlements near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi Bay  nomads ◦ Fall/Winter- near Gulf Coast ◦ Spring/Summer-near rivers and springs on the coastal prairie

6.  Portable wigwams (circular huts) ◦ Made from bent poles ◦ Covered with animal skin ◦ Floors were covered with reed mats ◦ Could house 7-8 people

7.  Hunters and gatherers  Hunters ◦ Men ◦ Wooden bows and arrows to hunt/fish ◦ Fish traps ◦ Dugout canoes  Gatherers ◦ Women ◦ Collected plants, birds’ eggs, shellfish  Rumored to be cannibals- not true ◦ Not for food but for “magic power”

8.  Men ◦ Some wore nothing ◦ Deer skin around the waist  Women ◦ Skirts of deer skin or grass  Men and women painted themselves with bright colors  Used alligator fat and dirt to repel the insects

9.  Unusually tall ◦ Skeleton found of person 6 feet  Kept dogs similar to coyotes or fox ◦ Name believed to mean dog-lovers  Treated children with kindness  Given 2 names ◦ One was secret which only family members knew ◦ Secret name was thought to carry magic and protection from danger

10.  1500s- Cabeza de Vaca ◦ Feared by Europeans who wanted their land  Diseases killed many  Fought with other groups  Vanished by the mid-1800s

11.  In your IAN  Write a diary entry. You are a member of the Karankawa tribe.  Describe ◦ What you see ◦ What you hear ◦ What you smell ◦ What you taste ◦ What you feel

12. The Central Plains

13.  Look at your notes about the Central Plains region.  Based on what you know about the region, write down 2 assumptions you can make about the Wichitas.  Share and discuss with your table

15.  Along the Red River  Originally from Kansas/Oklahoma moved to Texas 1700s  Lived along creeks and rivers

16.  Lived in permanent villages  Round house ◦ Made with cedar poles ◦ Covered with dried grass ◦ Very durable ◦ Large ◦ Hole in center for smoke from fire

18.  Hunters  Grew beans, corn, melons, and squash  Buffalo ◦ Raw  Did NOT eat fish

19.  Made from tanned hide  Men ◦ Shirts, loin cloths, leggings, moccasins  Women ◦ Dresses that covered chin to ankle decorated with elk teeth, moccasins

20.  Organized into 4 confederacies ◦ Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and the Wichita  Tattooed their bodies ◦ Many and unusual designs ◦ Called selves Kitikiti’sh (raccoon eyes)

21.  First with Coronado  Traded tanned hide  disease  Later moved to reservation in Oklahoma

22.  Using your notes about the region and the Wichita, design another type of shelter that the Wichita could have built.  Explain why you would build the shelter. ◦ Weather, materials, tribe life and needs

23. Mountains and Basins

24.  Look at your notes about the Mountains and Basins region.  Make 2 assumptions about the Jumano Native Americans based on what you know about the region.  Share and discuss with your table  Write in down in your IAN

25.  Along the Rio Grande

26.  Permanent houses of adobe brick ◦ Dried clay ◦ Cool in summer ◦ 30-40 people in house ◦ Flat roofs ◦ Painted black, red, white and yellow stripes on the inside wall  Large villages

28.  Grew corn and other crops near river ◦ River would overflow and water fields  Gathered wild plants  Hunted buffalo with bow and arrow

29.  Animal hide ◦ Softened by beating with stones  Moccasins  Jewlery made from copper, coral and turquoise  Hair ◦ Women- long and tied ◦ Men- short on sides, long in middle and curled with paint, decorated with feathers

30.  Tattooed and painted their faces  Drought in 1500s ◦ Crops died and buffalo moved  Under constant attack by Apache  Eventually joined other Native American groups

31.  Traded with Spanish

32.  In your IAN, list 2 ways the Jumanos adapted to their Texas environment and 2 ways they modifies their Texas environment.

33. High Plains

34.  Look at your notes about the High Plains.  Based on what you know about the region, make 2 predictions about the Comanches.  Write them in your IAN  Share and discuss with your table.

35.  Moved to Texas in 1700s after acquiring horses  Drove out other tribes for the land ◦ Jumanos, Apache

36.  Teepees ◦ Nomadic- covered hundreds of miles a year  Items were lightweight and sturdy(leather and woven basket)-Little pottery ◦ Women would pack up

37.  Buffalo  Hunters-gatherers ◦ Men-hunt ◦ Women- gathered plants  On a daily basis women gathered most of the foods.

38.  Well dressed ◦ Leaders wore European clothing with many silver conchos ◦ Leather boots

39.  Lived in bands headed by a peace chief (older man)  When at war one temporary chief and  War chief- best rider and fighter  Skilled buffalo hunters ◦ Made them wealthy ◦ Traded for goods  Skilled fighters ◦ Controlled most of the plains

40.  1680- from Spanish and Pueblo Indians  Called “finest light cavalry in the world” ◦ Expert riders and fighters  Used horses to have advantage in fights

41.  Traded with Spanish  Came to trade in organized groups ◦ One Comanche who could speak Spanish, French and 4 or 5 languages ◦ One Comanche who was skilled trader and diplomat  Most of what they sold they had stolen ◦ Horses ◦ Kidnapped people whose family would come to buy them back (ransom)  This later would cause big problems with the American settlers  Kept Spanish from moving north- Spanish could not defeat them

42.  In your IAN, compare and contrast the Comanche with another Native American tribe. You may chose any that we have studied or have not studied.

43.  Prepare for Test! ◦ Regions and Native Americans