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Unit 3 Topics 1 and 2
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Topic 1: Cellular energy Metabolism The sum of all reactions of an organism. Anabolic reactions Catabolic reactions Helps to maintain homeostasis. Requires energy
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Cellular energy
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Why do cells need energy? Cells carry out three kinds of energy- requiring work: Chemical Mechanical Transport
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Energy Big Picture ALL cells (plant and animal) need to make ATP to do work. Photosynthesis (only plants) Cellular respiration (plants and animals) 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
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Photosynthesis: the “Big Picture”
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Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are sometimes referred to as accessory pigments. Why does this make sense? Catalyst:
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Leaf structure
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Chloroplast structure
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Stage 1: Light- dependent reactions Stage 2: Calvin cycle Light energy is converted to chemical energy (as NADPH and ATP). Glucose is made from CO 2 and hydrogens carried by NADPH using ATP energy. Photosynthesis is a net __________________________________ reaction because there is more energy in the bonds of ______________________ than there are in the bonds of the ______________________________.
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Catalyst: Which enzyme catalyzes the production of ATP? Why is water split during the light reactions? Where does the hydrogen come from to make glucose?
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Calvin cycle
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What factors might affect the rate of photosynthetic reactions? SUMMARY
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starch, sucrose, cellulose & more 1C CO 2 Calvin cycle 5C RuBP 3C RuBisCo 1. Carbon fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regeneration of RuBP ribulose bisphosphate ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 6 NADP 6 NADPH 6 ADP 6 ATP 3 ADP 3 ATP used to make glucose 3C G3P glyceraldehyde-3-P CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 6C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PGA phosphoglycerate CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C CCC == | H | H | H | H | H | H CCC –– 5C
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