1. What happened after the French Revolution?
Chapter 7, Sections 3-5

2. Review – Events of the Revolution
Problems of the Old Regime
The Enlightenment
The Estates General/National Assembly
Limited Monarchy
The Execution of Louis XVI
The New Republic/The Reign of Terror
The Execution of Robespierre
Coup d’Etat – Napoleon Bonaparte

3. Napoleon Forges an Empire
Chapter 7, Section 3

4. Napoleon Takes Power
In November 1799, Napoleon seized power from the Directory
Under military threat, they dissolved the Directory and established three consuls
Napoleon became first consul, with the power of a dictator
Britain, Russia, and Austria joined forces to get rid of him
War and diplomacy created peace by 1802.

5. Napoleon Rules France
He held a plebiscite (a vote of the people) to secure his power.
He stabilized the economy by streamlining taxes, banking, and training public officials.
Lycees – school for public officials
Napoleonic Code – a uniform set of laws that applied equally to all citizens

6. Napoleon Creates an Empire
He could not regain control of French territory in the Americas lost during the revolution.
Instead, he focused on increasing his power in Europe.
He already controlled parts of Italy and Switzerland.
Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden fought back.
By 1812, he controlled the Netherlands, the German States and Poland, Italy, and Spain.

7. Reading the Text PG
Why did Napoleon decide to focus on increasing his power in Europe?
Who resisted Napoleon’s efforts to control more territory in Europe?
What were the two important consequences of the Battle of Trafalgar?

8. Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon’s military successes forced Austria, Russia, and Prussia to sign peace treaties.
1805 battle between the British and French navies off the southwest coast of Spain.
The French fleet was destroyed, and the battle had two important consequences:
Ensured the supremacy of the British Navy for the next 100 years.
Forced Napoleon to give up his dream of invading Britain.

9. The French Empire
By 1812, the only areas free from Napoleon’s power were Britain, Portugal, and Sweden.
He had replaced a lot of monarchs with his family members: puppet governments.
He had some power over the countries that had signed peace treaties with him.
The empire was huge, but unstable: it lasted from 1807 to 1812 before it fell apart.

10. Chapter 7 Section 4
Cause/Effect Notes

11. Map Activity (Page 240) Europe, 1810 Europe, 1817
French Empire, Countries controlled by Napoleon, Countries allied with Napoleon, Countries at war with Napoleon, and Neutral Countries.
Europe, 1817
France, Spain, Portugal, The UK, Switzerland, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of the Netherlands, The German Confederation, The Austrian Empire, and the Russian Empire.

12. Map Activity
After both sides of the map are complete, answer the following questions. Turn everything in when you are finished!
Why would joining the Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch Republic help contain France?
How did joining 39 German states into a confederation help keep France in check?
Why didn’t the Congress of Vienna take more land from France?

13. The Congress of Vienna
Chapter 7 Section 5

14. Metternich’s Plan for Europe
The Congress of Vienna
Held in secret during the winter of
Decisions were made by Russia, Austria, Britain, Prussia, and France.
Dominated by Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria.
Primary Goal: Collective security and stability of the entire European continent.

15. Metternich’s Plan for Europe
Metternich’s Goals:
Prevent future French aggression
Surround France with powerful countries
Restore a balance of power
Keep any one country from becoming too powerful
Restore legitimacy
Restore the original monarchies removed by Napoleon

16. The Containment of France
The former Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic were united.
Created the new German Confederation, dominated by Austria.
Switzerland was made independent.
The Kingdom of Sardinia was strengthened by adding Genoa.
This created a balance of power.

17. Legitimacy
Idea that as many royal families as possible should be restored to power.
Ruling families of France, Spain, and several Italian and Central European states got their thrones back.
The Congress believed that restoring monarchies would create political stability – no more wars and/or revolutions.

18. Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Conservative Europe:
Holy Alliance: agreement between Russia, Austria, and Prussia to combat revolutions.
Concert of Europe: monarchs agreed to help each other if revolutions broke out again.
Revolutions in Latin America:
Spain had lost control of their colonies when Napoleon took over.
They tried to regain control, but could not. The colonies became independent countries.

19. Long-Term Legacies
Diminished the power of France, but increased the power of Britain and Prussia.
Nationalism began to spread in Germany, Italy, Greece, and other areas under foreign control.
European colonies were affected by and responded to the power shift.
Ideas about the basis of power and authority had changed during the French Revolution.
More and more people saw democracy as the best way to ensure equality and justice for all.