1. The Romantic period (1798-1832)

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3. What relationship between literature and place in this time period? How did romantics emphasize strange and far away places This literature was unexplored and no one really knew much about it, so naturally people wanted to engulf themselves in it to learn more about it. They were also emphasize due to the hierarchy of the people which brought attention to the literature, and grew in popularity during this time period. What worlds became refuges of the smoky cities? The people of England weren’t happy with their situation of industrialization in society therefore they created this type of literature to breakaway and escape their circumstances. Some of the more popular poets and authors such as Wordsworth during this time period fled to The Lake District to seek more nature scenery and seek inspiration of this writing. The novelist Charles Dickens would later “Coketown,” a dirty, soul-destroying city, stands for the world from which the poets struggled to escape.

4. How does literature shape or reflect society How did political and industrial revolutions affect society? The French Revolution spread the idea that politics and public morality might be decided not only by elites but also by the general populace. Discontent with the status quo led to escalating attacks on and worries over religion’s role in keeping “things as they are,” as God put it. The industrial revolution heightened economic stratification, leading to the increasing urbanization of the environment. How did writers react to revolutionary changes? Direct Responses- some writers addressed the problems in their literature Revolutionary on a Page- Focusing on the people and their language was a translation of the political goals of the French Revolution. An Era of Change- The people of the time faced unprecedented changes. Other ways- Some writers reminded people of other ways of being.

5. What is the relationship of the writer to tradition In what ways did Romantics reject previous traditions? Discard 18th century forms of writing Romantic disregarded the status quo of the previous century, no more conventions and artificialities, satires and heroic couplets, instead they favored a more realistic style to give their stories a more sincere taste. Using ordinary language Language is often used as a barrier to prevent those of lower classes/foreign nationalities/etc from having access to and enjoying literature. By using more ordinary language they allowed the common, less educated, and lower class to enjoy the stories, as well as giving the stories a more authentic and real feel. Political Rebels The writers also used this to lowkey rebel against a regime they viewed as repressive, using literature as a tool to express their unrest.

6. What is the relationship of the writer to tradition cont. What poetical traditions did the Romantics revive? The Sonnet It had nearly vanished after Milton, but through Wordsworth, Shelley and other authors it was revived in political, visionary, and variegated forms. The Ode Authors Keats, Shelley, Wordsworth, Coleridge all helped to not only revive the ode, but bring it into perfection.

7. What is the relationship of the writer to tradition What mysterious literary figure did the Romantics create? The Byronic Hero Byron embodies the the spirit of the age, as a handsome aristocrat who scorns the rules of society. Through and because of him the brooding, mysterious, and threatening Byronic Hero was created. What prose genres did the Romantics invent? The Gothic was invented by Mary Shelley with her novels, particularly Frankenstein that started the tradition of the horror-filled Gothic knowledge. The novel embodies the Romantic theme of going beyond the limit.

8. Vocabulary Activity Match up the definitions to the words.

9. Vocabulary Industrial-of or connected with industries or manufacturing Conventional- usually an adjective, refers as a noun to whatever follows rules and is not original Routine- Regular, customary procedure Foibles- Small weaknesses in character Exotic- from or seeming to be from a foreign place Secular-relating to worldly things opposed to religion.

10. Vocab Cont. Residential- characterized by private homes Privileged- having rights or advantages denied to others Institution- established law, custom or practice