1. Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction
A time of major change in the state following the devastation of the Civil War
Georgia was decimated after Sherman’s March and 4 years of fighting.
>40,000 Georgians had been killed or wounded
Many Georgians lost their land completely
US will attempt to reconstruct the South using 3 different
Reconstruction Plans.
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
Military Reconstruction

3. Page 108- LH assignment 1.Use the books to copy the definition
Freedmen’s Bureau
Sharecropping
Tenant Farming
13th Amendment
Black Codes
14th Amendment
Ku Klux Klan
15th Amendment
1.Use the books to copy the definition
2.Write a sentence using the word
3. Colored Picture

4. Presidential Reconstruction
The first of 3 plans ( )
President Johnson
Native of Tennessee
Remained loyal to the union during the War
Very lenient with the southern
His plan was based on Lincoln’s 10% plan
Southern states could rejoin the Union if 10% of their population swore allegiance to the US
Required to Ratify the 13th amendment

5. Georgia’s 1866 Constitution Convention
Repealed the Ordnance of Session
Passed the 13th Amendment
Banned Interracial marriages
Alexander Stephens to Congress
Georgia was readmitted into the Union in December of 1865 due to passing the 13th Amendment
Temporary

6. Congressional Upset
Republicans in Congress were upset that Confederate leaders were given congressional positions.
Alexander Stephens
Radical Republicans- favored harsher treatment for the Confederate Southern States.
Accused Johnson of abusing power
Began his impeachment process

7. Black Codes & the 14th Amendment
Black Codes were enforced in the south
Laws that did not allow blacks to vote, testify against whites in court, or serve as jurors.
Radical Republicans were appalled at the treatment of freedmen.
As a result congress introduced the 14th Amendment
Made blacks citizens of the US and required them to be given same rights as all other citizens.

8. Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1867
Congress sends southern representatives home
require passage of the 14th amendment
Georgia refused to ratify the 14th Amendment
Georgia eventually ratified the 14th amendment on 21 July 1868
Placed under authority of congress as a result
Reconstruction Act of 1867—
Lumped the South into 5 Military Districts.
Georgia is a part of the 3rd Military District directed by John Pope

9. Military Reconstruction
3rd district was under command of General John Pope (1st Military Governor)
Georgia, Alabama, and Florida
Pope registered Georgia's eligible
voters:
Whites 95,214
Blacks 93,457
Election held for Constitutional Representatives
Republicans and 37 African Americans were elected

10. Constitutional Convention of Atlanta December 1867 - March 1868
New constitution created
Provisions for black voting
Free Public schools
Moved the Capital to Atlanta
gave wives control of their property
increased the governor's term to four years

11. After the Convention.. Rufus Bullock was elected Governor
General Assembly began its session
Republican controlled
Military presence remained in Georgia
To monitor KKK
1870- Georgia remitted to the Union when the republicans and black legislators passed the 15th Amendment
African American men the right to vote
1872- Southern Democrats “redeemers” voted back into office
Governor and General Assembly

12. Freedmen's Bureau Created to help Freedmen adjust to freedom
Black and poor whites
Fed, clothed, and sheltered
Helped build the freedmen’s schools and hospitals
Supervised labor contracts
Created the first public school program for either blacks or whites in Georgia
Set stage for modern public school system
Clarke Atlanta University and Morehouse College

13. Ku Klux Klan
Organized in 1866 by Confederate veterans to resist reconstruction efforts.
Made up of southern Democrats
Used terror to keep freedmen from using their rights.
To intimidate white republican and blacks
The violence kept federal troops in Georgia to protect blacks.

14. Page 112 Left-Hand Use CRCT book P. 87 &93
Ku Klux Klan
Freedmen’s Bureau
Created by?
Why established?
Who did it help & harm?
What did it do?
Impact on Georgians?

15. Changes in Agriculture
After the war the plantation owners and freedmen still needed each other to grow crops.
Federal Currency was not available to pay the workers as there were no longer slaves.
Freedmen were paid as sharecroppers and tenant farmers to work the fields.

16. Sharecropping
Landowners provided land, housing, seed, tools, farm animals and fertilizer.
Workers gave a percentage of their crop to the owners in return.
They often owed more to the owner than they could get for their crop.
Debt meant they may never be able to buy their own land.

17. Old sharecroppers house

18. Tenant Farming
Tenants (farmers) rented the land but owned much of their own tools, animals and seed.
Easier to make a profit but was very risky if crops failed.
Some tenant farmers lost what they owned and turned to sharecropping.
Tenant farmers were a higher social class than sharecroppers.

19. LH page 114 Create a Double Bubble Map Compare and contrast:
Sharecropping
And
Tenant Farming

20. Black Legislators
32 black legislators were elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1867
After military reconstruction helped register eligible voters.
Henry McNeal Turner was the most prominent.

21. Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915)
Born in South Carolina
1853- began preaching
Traveled through the south
After the civil war traveled through
Georgia converting freedmen
1867- helped organize the Republican Party in Ga
Elected to the 1867 Constitutional Convention
He promoted land ownership, voting rights and education for blacks.
White democrats expelled him and other elected blacks from office in1869.

22. The End of Reconstruction
Northerners began to tire of protecting African American rights in the South.
The Freedmen’s Bureau was very difficult and expensive to maintain.
Rutherford B. Hayes promised to remove U.S. troops from the South if elected in 1876.
He won and federal troops left the South in 1877 effectively ending Reconstruction.