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Reconstruction
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Reconstruction A time of major change in the state following the devastation of the Civil War Georgia was decimated after Sherman’s March and 4 years of fighting. >40,000 Georgians had been killed or wounded Many Georgians lost their land completely US will attempt to reconstruct the South using 3 different Reconstruction Plans. Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Military Reconstruction
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Page 108- LH assignment 1.Use the books to copy the definition
Freedmen’s Bureau Sharecropping Tenant Farming 13th Amendment Black Codes 14th Amendment Ku Klux Klan 15th Amendment 1.Use the books to copy the definition 2.Write a sentence using the word 3. Colored Picture
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Presidential Reconstruction
The first of 3 plans ( ) President Johnson Native of Tennessee Remained loyal to the union during the War Very lenient with the southern His plan was based on Lincoln’s 10% plan Southern states could rejoin the Union if 10% of their population swore allegiance to the US Required to Ratify the 13th amendment
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Georgia’s 1866 Constitution Convention
Repealed the Ordnance of Session Passed the 13th Amendment Banned Interracial marriages Alexander Stephens to Congress Georgia was readmitted into the Union in December of 1865 due to passing the 13th Amendment Temporary
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Congressional Upset Republicans in Congress were upset that Confederate leaders were given congressional positions. Alexander Stephens Radical Republicans- favored harsher treatment for the Confederate Southern States. Accused Johnson of abusing power Began his impeachment process
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Black Codes & the 14th Amendment
Black Codes were enforced in the south Laws that did not allow blacks to vote, testify against whites in court, or serve as jurors. Radical Republicans were appalled at the treatment of freedmen. As a result congress introduced the 14th Amendment Made blacks citizens of the US and required them to be given same rights as all other citizens.
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Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1867
Congress sends southern representatives home require passage of the 14th amendment Georgia refused to ratify the 14th Amendment Georgia eventually ratified the 14th amendment on 21 July 1868 Placed under authority of congress as a result Reconstruction Act of 1867— Lumped the South into 5 Military Districts. Georgia is a part of the 3rd Military District directed by John Pope
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Military Reconstruction
3rd district was under command of General John Pope (1st Military Governor) Georgia, Alabama, and Florida Pope registered Georgia's eligible voters: Whites 95,214 Blacks 93,457 Election held for Constitutional Representatives Republicans and 37 African Americans were elected
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Constitutional Convention of Atlanta December 1867 - March 1868
New constitution created Provisions for black voting Free Public schools Moved the Capital to Atlanta gave wives control of their property increased the governor's term to four years
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After the Convention.. Rufus Bullock was elected Governor
General Assembly began its session Republican controlled Military presence remained in Georgia To monitor KKK 1870- Georgia remitted to the Union when the republicans and black legislators passed the 15th Amendment African American men the right to vote 1872- Southern Democrats “redeemers” voted back into office Governor and General Assembly
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Freedmen's Bureau Created to help Freedmen adjust to freedom
Black and poor whites Fed, clothed, and sheltered Helped build the freedmen’s schools and hospitals Supervised labor contracts Created the first public school program for either blacks or whites in Georgia Set stage for modern public school system Clarke Atlanta University and Morehouse College
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Ku Klux Klan Organized in 1866 by Confederate veterans to resist reconstruction efforts. Made up of southern Democrats Used terror to keep freedmen from using their rights. To intimidate white republican and blacks The violence kept federal troops in Georgia to protect blacks.
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Page 112 Left-Hand Use CRCT book P. 87 &93
Ku Klux Klan Freedmen’s Bureau Created by? Why established? Who did it help & harm? What did it do? Impact on Georgians?
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Changes in Agriculture
After the war the plantation owners and freedmen still needed each other to grow crops. Federal Currency was not available to pay the workers as there were no longer slaves. Freedmen were paid as sharecroppers and tenant farmers to work the fields.
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Sharecropping Landowners provided land, housing, seed, tools, farm animals and fertilizer. Workers gave a percentage of their crop to the owners in return. They often owed more to the owner than they could get for their crop. Debt meant they may never be able to buy their own land.
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Old sharecroppers house
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Tenant Farming Tenants (farmers) rented the land but owned much of their own tools, animals and seed. Easier to make a profit but was very risky if crops failed. Some tenant farmers lost what they owned and turned to sharecropping. Tenant farmers were a higher social class than sharecroppers.
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LH page 114 Create a Double Bubble Map Compare and contrast:
Sharecropping And Tenant Farming
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Black Legislators 32 black legislators were elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1867 After military reconstruction helped register eligible voters. Henry McNeal Turner was the most prominent.
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Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915)
Born in South Carolina 1853- began preaching Traveled through the south After the civil war traveled through Georgia converting freedmen 1867- helped organize the Republican Party in Ga Elected to the 1867 Constitutional Convention He promoted land ownership, voting rights and education for blacks. White democrats expelled him and other elected blacks from office in1869.
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The End of Reconstruction
Northerners began to tire of protecting African American rights in the South. The Freedmen’s Bureau was very difficult and expensive to maintain. Rutherford B. Hayes promised to remove U.S. troops from the South if elected in 1876. He won and federal troops left the South in 1877 effectively ending Reconstruction.
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