1. Earth’s Interior EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

2. Vocabulary Geologists – scientists who study the forces that make and shape the planet Earth. –Study the chemical and physical characteristics of rock. –Map where different types of rocks are found on and beneath the surface –Describe landforms Geology – study of planet Earth EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

3. Surface Changes Constructive Forces – shape the Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses Destructive forces – slowly wear away mountains and every other feature on the surface Continents – 7 great landmasses surrounded by water EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

4. Indirect Evidence Geologist use indirect evidence to study Earth’s interior –Seismic Waves Waves produced by earthquakes Record the waves and study how they travel Speed of waves and the paths they take reveal that our planet is made up of several layers EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

5. Center of the Earth Temperature –Outer layers cool –At 20 meters rocks get warmer –Every 40 meters after that the temperature rises 1 degree Celsius EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

6. Center of the Earth Pressure –The force pushing on a surface or area –Because of the weight of the rock above, the pressure inside Earth increases as you go deeper EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

7. Earth’s Layers Three main layers make up the Earth’s interior –The crust –The mantle –The core EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

8. The Crust Layer of rock that forms the Earth’s outer skin Mountains, water, soil and rocks found on crust Thin layer, like an onion skin for the Earth Includes both dry land and the ocean floor Thinnest on the ocean floor, thickest under mountains EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

9. The Crust Oceanic Crust –Beneath the ocean –Consists mostly of dense rocks like basalt Dark, fine rock with fine texture Continental Crust –Forms the continents –Consists of less dense rocks like granite Large crystals, not as dense as basalt, light color EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

10. The Crust

11. The Mantle A layer of hot rock Mantle is 3000 kilometers thick and extends to the core Between 5 and 40 kilometers beneath the surface, there is a boundary of basalt and granite Below the boundary is the solid material of the mantle EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

12. The Mantle Made of two layers Lithosphere uppermost part of the mantle and the crust combined About 100 kilometers thick Material in this part of the mantle is somewhat soft – it can bend like plastic Asthenosphere Soft material with the ability to flow Lithosphere floats on top of the asthenoshpere EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

13. The Core Consists of two parts –Outer core - liquid –Inner core – solid Made of iron and nickel EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

14. The Core Outer core –Layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core –Behaves like a thick liquid Inner Core –Dense ball of solid metal –Extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much they cannot spread out and become liquid EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

15. Earth’s Magnetic Field Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid inner core to spin Inner core spins slightly faster than the rest of the planet creating our magnetic field. This causes our planet to act like a giant bar magnet EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

16. Class Work and Homework Fill In What did I learn Confused Say Packet or begin foldable depending on time EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?