1. 2012 Cotton Production Meeting Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia, Tifton

2. BIOLOGY Integrated to remain sustainable Management programs Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World

3. What makes Palmer special? BIOLOGY Integrated to remain sustainable Management programs

4. Concept of Overlapping Residuals Critical herbicide concentration

5. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor No Palmer up Valor + Direx Palmer up, >15 d to plant Direx Palmer up, <15 d to plant Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl RU + Staple OR RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrant Direx + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. APPLY VALOR AND/OR DIREX TO EVERY ACRE; MUST BE PALMER FREE AT PLANTING!!!

6. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor Valor + Direx Direx Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl RU + Staple OR RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrant Direx + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. RU + Staple wins 7 out of 10 times!

7. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor Valor + Direx Direx Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl RU + Staple OR RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrant Direx + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Consider direct spraying Warrant mixture if more than 6 leaf cotton!

8. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor Valor + Direx Direx Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl RU + Staple OR RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrant Direx + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. No brainer…..Suprend great option as well!

9. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor or diuron Reflex + diuron Reflex + Prowl Reflex + Cotoran Reflex + Staple Staple + diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) RU + Dual or Warrant Diuron + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. No brainer…..Suprend great option as well!

10. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor or diuron Reflex + diuron Reflex + Prowl Reflex + Cotoran Reflex + Staple Staple + diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) RU + Dual or Warrant Diuron + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Valor before emergence; diuron + paraquat less than 5 inch Palmer 48 hr within planting; add paraquat 10 - 12 d after PRE (10 day after May 10) 12 - 14 d after POST1 (12 day after May 10) 15-18 d after POST2

11. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor or diuron Reflex + diuron Reflex + Prowl Reflex + Cotoran Reflex + Staple Staple + diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) RU + Dual or Warrant Diuron + MSMA RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Valor before emergence; diuron + paraquat less than 5 inch Palmer 48 hr within planting; add paraquat 10 - 12 d PRE (10 day after May 10) 12 - 14 d POST 1 (12 day after May 10) 15-18 d POST2 Allows 2 residuals at planting instead of 3 to reduce injury. Perfect timing for thrips application! Allows time for activation before PRE breaks down!

12. PreplantPREPOST1POST2Layby Treflan/Prowl + Reflex 12 oz Reflex 8-12 oz + Diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) or RU + Dual or Warrant Diuron + MSMA RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Need to plant within 5 days of PPI

13. 80 c 99 a 92 b PRE 3 d Reflex applied at 1 pt in combination with Prowl. PPI Rototiller PPI Field cultivator PPI Disk Percent Palmer Control, 2010. TyTy, GA. 38 DAT.

14. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Tillage or Valor or Diuron Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl Reflex + Staple Reflex + Cotoran Staple + diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) or RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrat Diuron + MSMA RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.

15. PreplantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Treflan/Prowl + Reflex 12 oz Tillage or Valor or Diuron Reflex 8-12 oz + Diuron Reflex + Direx Reflex + Prowl Reflex + Staple Reflex + Cotoran Staple + diuron RU + Staple (Palmer up) or RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Staple (Palmer up) or RU + Dual or Warrant RU + Dual or Warrat Diuron + MSMA Diuron + MSMA RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Must be clean48 hr within planting; add paraquat 10 - 12 d PRE 12 - 14 d POST 1 15-18 d POST2

16. Roundup Ready PLUS Cotton Incentive (Up to $22) Valor AND Reflex = ($3.00) Cotoran, Cotton Pro, Direx = ($3.00)* Warrant 3 pt = ($4.50)* Dual Magnum 1 pt = ($3.00) Gramoxone Inteon 2 pt = ($1.00) *Will pay on 2 applications

17. 37 18 % acres Ignite-based Programs 0 Impact of GR Palmer amaranth on GA.

18. GR Palmer amaranth control in dryland conservation tillage systems Prowl + Reflex PRE Roundup + Dual POST Diuron + MSMA PD Prowl + Reflex PRE Ignite + Dual POST Diuron + MSMA PD

19. Making the most of your Ignite!  Water volume  Spray tip and pressure  Time of day you spray  Palmer size

20. GreenLeaf TwinJetAir Induction

21. MOST IMPORTANT IS TO HAVE PRESSURE AND NOZZLES THAT GENERALTE MEDIUM (300-400 MICRONS)

22. 99 a 50 b 97 a 6.45 am 8 c Ignite POST 1 (5” Palmer), Ignite POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby 12 – 1 pm6:30 – 7:00 pm12 – 1 am Late-season Palmer control with Ignite as influenced by time of day. Time of Day for Ignite Applications Macon Co. Dryland %

23. 6.45 am12:30 pm Ignite POST (5”Palmer), Ignite POST 2 (18 d later), diuron + MSMA layby

24. Rate Making the most of your Ignite GPA Time Nozzle

25. Rate Making the most of your Ignite GPA Time Nozzle Biggest pigweed in the field is 3 inches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

26. 32 oz/A Gly 4 fb 29 oz/A Ignite on 12” Palmer

27. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012. Pre-plantPREPOST1 1-lf cotton POST 2 5-7 lf cotton Layby Valor or diuron Diuron + Prowl Cotoran + Prowl Reflex + Prowl Staple + Prowl Ignite + Dual Mag Ignite Diuron + MSMA

28. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012. Pre-plantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor or diuron Diuron + Prowl Cotoran + Prowl Reflex + Prowl Staple + Prowl Ignite + Dual Mag Ignite Diuron + MSMA WANT RESIDUAL HERE BUT KINDA STUCK???

29. Pre-plantPREPOST1POST 2Layby Valor or diuron Diuron + Prowl Cotoran + Prowl Reflex + Prowl Staple + Prowl Ignite + Dual Mag Ignite Diuron + MSMA Valor before Palmer emergence; diuron + paraquat less than 5” Palmer 48 hr within planting; add paraquat 12 - 14 d after PRE (12 day after May 10) 14 - 16 d after POST1 (14 day after May 10) 14-16 d after POST 2 Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.

30. 2012 Ignite Based Programs 1. LibertyLink 2. GlyTol LibertyLink 3. WideStrike

31. 2012 Ignite Based Programs 1.LibertyLink Advantage: no injury issue with Ignite Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup

32. 2940 3015 3010 All systems had diuron PRE and diuron + MSMA applied at layby. ST 4145 Seed Cotton Yield In Response to Ignite-Based Programs. 2012. Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz + Dual Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz + Dual Ignite 32 oz + Warrant Ignite 43 oz 1 leaf 6 leaf No Ignite: 2925

33. 2012 Ignite Based Programs 1.LibertyLink Advantage: no injury issue with Ignite Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup 2. GlyTol LibertyLink Advantage: no injury issue with Ignite or Roundup Disadvantage: limited supply, less data on yield

34. WMax + Ignite WMax 33 oz Ignite 44 oz WMax + Ignite + Dual (1 pt) Percent GlyTol + LL cotton injury from topical applications 7 DAT. Moultrie, 2010 8 leaf cotton 0 a 2 a 1 a 18 b

35. WMax + Ignite WMax 33 oz Ignite 44 oz WMax + Ignite + Dual (1 pt) Percent GlyTol + LL cotton injury from topical applications 7 DAT. Moultrie, 2010 8 leaf cotton 0 a 2 a 1 a 18 b Sequential applications of Ignite and Roundup in 2012 to avoid antagonsim?

36. 2012 Ignite Based Programs 1.LibertyLink Advantage: no injury issue with Ignite Disadvantage: no tolerance to Roundup 2. GlyTol LibertyLink Advantage: no injury issue with Ignite or Roundup Disadvantage: limited supply, less data on yield 3. WideStrike Advantage: no injury issue Roundup, only tolerance to Ignite Disadvantage: You will get injury from Ignite

37. Phytogen Widestrike Cotton 1.Confers tolerance to Ignite 2.Tolerance not complete; injury will occur and yield loss can occur if you don’t know what you are doing. 3.According to EPA, Ignite can be applied to widestrike cotton. 4.However, grower is liable as neither Bayer nor Dow recommend or warrant the use of Ignite on Widestrike cotton

38. 2680 b 2916 a 2831 ab 2850 ab All systems had diuron PRE and diuron + MSMA applied at layby. ST 4145 Seed Cotton Yield In Response to Ignite-Based Programs. 2012. Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz + Dual Ignite 32 oz Ignite 32 oz + Dual Ignite 32 oz + Warrant Ignite 43 oz 1 leaf 6 leaf No Ignite: 2970

40. 77 b 95 a 96 a 69 c Six Inch GR Palmer Response to Layby or Hooded Spray Options. Macon, 2012. Gramoxone + Direx Direx + MSMA Ignite + Valor Ignite

41. 77 b 95 a96 a 69 c GR Palmer Response to Layby or Hooded Spray Options. Macon, 2012. Gramoxone + Direx Direx + MSMA Ignite + Valor Ignite DO NOT APPLY IGNITE MORE THAN TWICE A YEAR

42. Herbicide Resistance: Will You Survive? If resistance is one in a billion then you only need 918 acres to find that plant. (historically resistance is 1 plant in population of 1-10 million…9.18 acres) 25 plants per square foot emerge = 1,089,000 plants per acre

43. 2004: GR Palmer Began Changing Agriculture Forever Time Line For Significant Events in Georgia Weed Management 2009-2011: Significant Adoption of Ignite Programs 2012: GlyTol + LL Cotton Commercialized 2016: Glyphosate + Glufosinate + 2,4-D Glyphosate + Glufosinate + Dicamba 2017/2018: Glyphosate + Glufosinate + HPPD

44. 2,4-D (3.8 L) 1.5 pt to 8 inch Palmer 12 DAT24 DAT

45. Clarity 1 pt 8 inch Palmer 12 DAT24 DAT

46. Tomorrow if Ignite works Herbicide Cost of $39/A Today RR System Herbicide Cost of $59/A Managing Palmer Amaranth in DryLand Production!!

47. Heavy ResidueDeep Turn Hand weed Cultivate Georgia growers will not economically survive relying on just herbicides!!!!

48. Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers 1.Improved Palmer control 2.Protect herbicide chemistry 3.Labor (compared to tillage) 4.Wind and water erosion 5.Prevents GR horseweed 6.Prevents/Lessons GR ryegrass 7.Moisture conservation 8.Reduce herbicide inputs 9.Higher yields on dryland 10. Protection from EPA 11. Reduces thrips damage

49. Potential Challenges for Georgia Growers rye Ripper shank 1.Blowout impacting stand 2.Incorporate herbicides with when strip tilling 3.Spray then roll, roll then spray? 4.Time to get established 5.Increased fertilizer 6.Rubber wheel system 7.Grower comfort

50. GR Palmer amaranth influence on cotton lint yield (lb/A) in the Roundup system.* 592 c 690 b Weeds *RR System: Diuron + Reflex + Staple fb Roundup + Parrlay fb Direx + MSMA Inversion + rye Deep inversion 790 a Rye 480 d

51. Controlling Palmer Without Killing Cotton With Herbicides! Seedling depth and vigor Irrigation Schedule Soil dry or moist at planting? AT-PLANT HERBICIDES Cotoran Diuron Prowl Reflex Staple Combinations

52. 30 b 10 a Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011. Plant Bone Dry 0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d Pre-Irrigate 0.75” Plant Into Moisture 0.4” 3 day HIGH VIGOR SHALLOW COTTON

53. 30 b 10 a Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011. Plant Bone Dry 0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d Pre-Irrigate 0.75” Plant Into Moisture 0.4” 3 day HIGH VIGOR SHALLOW PLANTED COTTON VS HIGH VIGOR NORMAL 0.67 INCH PLANTED

54. 41 b 18 a Cotton response to Reflex PRE as affected by watering regime and cotton vigor. TVP, 2011. Plant Bone Dry 0.4” 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d Pre-Irrigate 0.75” Plant Into Moisture 0.4” 3 day LOW VIGOR SHALLOW PLANTED COTTON VS LOW VIGOR NORMAL 0.67 INCH PLANTED

55. Heavy ResidueDeep Turn Hand weed Cultivate Georgia growers will not economically survive relying on just herbicides!!!!