1. MAPS GONE WILD!! Created by Katherine Cantu Cypress Springs High School

2. What’s wrong with these maps????

6. Not your mother’s maps...

7. Cheesy Map of Canada

10. Maps displaying crucial information

18. Linguistic Map: Papua New Guinea has 823 languages!

21. What if...

27. Illustrated Maps

33. Perceptual Maps

40. Unusual Maps

46. Finally, directions from Google

48. Terms you should know…  Toponym  Site  Situation  Time Zone  TODALS

49. Characteristics of Place

50. Place  Place is the description of what and how we see and experience a certain aspect of the Earth’s surface  Place describes what a location is like Physical characteristics include climate, landforms, and vegetation Physical characteristics include climate, landforms, and vegetation Human characteristics include culture, cities, and other changes to the environment Human characteristics include culture, cities, and other changes to the environment

51. Toponym  Place names on maps Quebec uses religious toponyms Quebec uses religious toponyms Sometimes the color or the size of the writing indicates importance of the place Sometimes the color or the size of the writing indicates importance of the place

52. Site and Situation

53. Site  Site refers to the internal, physical characteristics of a place that are unlikely to change

54. Situation  Situation is defined as the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places Factors included in an area's situation include the accessibility of the location, the extent of a place's connections with another, and how close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the site Factors included in an area's situation include the accessibility of the location, the extent of a place's connections with another, and how close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the site

55. Latitude and Longitude  Latitude lines are parallel lines that run east- west on the surface of the Earth They are measured in degrees North or South of the Equator They are measured in degrees North or South of the Equator When giving coordinates, latitude is used first When giving coordinates, latitude is used first  Longitude lines are parallel lines that run north- south on the surface of the Earth They are measured in degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian They are measured in degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England

56. What is a time zone?  A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time.  Most time zones are one hour apart, and follow the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)

57.  Standard time zones can be defined by geometrically subdividing the Earth's 24 meridians, each 15° of longitude apart.

58.  The local time in neighboring zones would differ by one hour.  However, due to geographical and political reasons, not all countries practice this.  Daylight savings is also a factor.

59.  Before time zones, people used solar time to keep time.  This became a problem for trains and other mass-transit devices.  How could they let customers in other areas know what time to be at the train station?

60.  One solution was to have a common “railway” time, but it was a problem for the locals.  Time zones are thus a compromise, relaxing the complex geographic dependence while still allowing local time to approximate the mean solar time.

61.  The increase in worldwide communication has further increased the need for people to have an understanding of time zones.  Why would a Houstonian not schedule a telephone conference with Japan at 2:00 pm, Houston time?

62. Time Zone Anomalies  France previously used GMT, but was switched to CET (Central European Time) during the German occupation of the country during World War II and did not switch back after the war.  China has only one time zone.  There are 40 time zones instead of 24.

63. More Anomalies  One of the most unusual time zones is the Australian Central Western Time zone (CWST), which is a small strip of Western Australia from the border of South Australia west to E125.5°, just before Caiguna. It is 8¾ hours ahead of UTC (UTC+8:45) and covers an area of about 35,000 km², larger than Belgium, but has a population of about 200. Although unofficial, it is universally respected in the area--as without it, the time gap in standard time at E129° (the WA/SA border) would be 1.5 hours.

65. TODALS

66. PARTS OF A MAP  T: Title  O: Orientation  D: Date  A: Author  L: Legend  S: Scale

67. Title N Orientation Date Author Legend Scale

68. Now, it is your turn  Create a map and put TODALS on it.  It can be of anything  I will come around and check it, and then give you a super stamp!

69. Diffusion

70. Diffusion  Diffusion is the movement of any characteristic Diffusion relates to the movement theme of Geography Diffusion relates to the movement theme of Geography  A hearth is where the characteristic began

71. Relocation Diffusion  Relocation Diffusion is the physical spread of cultures, ideas, and diseases through people  Usually occurs with migration Examples: Bubonic Plague, colonization of North America, religion and language in South America Examples: Bubonic Plague, colonization of North America, religion and language in South America

72. Migration Diffusion  Migration diffusion: a particular type of relocation diffusion associated with the movement of people

73. Expansion Diffusion  Expansion Diffusion is the spread of a characteristic from a central node or hearth through various means

74. Hierarchial Diffusion  Hierarchical Diffusion: the idea that a phenomenon spreads by the social elite, and then filters down through the masses Example: Fashion, AIDS Example: Fashion, AIDS

75. Reverse Hierarchial Diffusion  Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion: when a phenomenon spreads first through the masses, and works up to the social elite Example: Nascar, Walmart, Rap Music Example: Nascar, Walmart, Rap Music

76. Contagious Diffusion  Contagious Diffusion is a type of expansion diffusion usually associated with a disease  The phenomenon spreads without regard to race, social status, or family status Examples: the plague, or the Internet Examples: the plague, or the Internet AIDS is not contagious diffusion AIDS is not contagious diffusion

77. Stimulus Diffusion  Stimulus Diffusion is a type of expansion diffusion where part of an idea spreads and creates an innovative product Example: technology, McDonald’s in India Example: technology, McDonald’s in India

78. Distribution  Everything on the Earth’s surface has a physical location and is organized in space  This is called distribution  The three types of distribution are: density, concentration, and pattern

79. Density  Density is how often an object occurs within a given area or space

80. Population Density  Population Density: looks at how many people occupy a given amount of space

81. Physiological Density  Physiological Density: refers to the number of people divided by the arable (farmable) land

82. Arithmetic Density  Arithmetic Density: calculates the density using all land in a given area

83. Concentration  Concentration refers to the proximity of a particular phenomenon over the area in which it is spread  To rank concentration, a person must count the same number of objects in different areas Objects are considered clustered or agglomerated if they are close together Objects are considered clustered or agglomerated if they are close together Objects are considered dispersed or scattered if they are spread out Objects are considered dispersed or scattered if they are spread out

84. Pattern  Pattern relates to how objects are organized in their space  Patterns are described using geometric shapes Hexagon is the best shape Hexagon is the best shape

85. Linear Pattern  Linear pattern: the objects are along a single line Example: gas stations along a highway Example: gas stations along a highway

86. Centralized  Centralized: the objects are clustered together Example: Ethnic neighborhoods, flower district Example: Ethnic neighborhoods, flower district

87. Random Distribution  Random Distribution: lack of pattern on the landscape