1. Deep Sea Sedimentation a.Pelagic sedimentation -red clays -brown clays b. Biogenic sedimentation -calcareous -siliceous c. turbidites-coarse material in deep ocean d. Ice rafting e. Manganese nodules

3. From http://www.indiana.edu/~g131/floor3N.html

9. Bouma sequences: vertical stacking and lateral continuity of facies… http://www.usask.ca/geology/classes/geol243/243notes/243week4b.html

10. Einstein Channel Seismic Facies Show Distinct Parts of a Leveed Channel That Link to Depositional History

11. Two Wells Link Sedimentary Character to Seismic Facies for the Einstein Channel

12. Linear Submarine Channel and Lobe System A. Smith, 1/99 Channel Lobe Small Sinuous Channel

13. Sidescan Sonar Shows Amazon Fan Channels Are Highly Sinuous But Not Actively Meandering (Few Cut-Off Loops or Scrolls)

14. Youngest Channel Deposits: Massive Turbidite Sands

15. Contact between Youngest Channel and Older Channel

16. Beaubouef and Friedmann, 2000 Brazos- Trinity Fan

17. Beaubouef and Friedmann, 2000 Brazos-Trinity Fan

18. Congo River Submarine canyon- Note sinuous patterni- in 3000m plus water Depths!! from Vittori et al 2000

19. Multiple sinuous channels on this deep sea fan…. from Vittori et al 2000

20. Popo Channel, Guadalupe Mtns W Texas

21. What are Manganese Nodules? Ferromanganese nodules are small (typically pea to golf ball sized) deposits that exist in the deep ocean They were first discovered on the ocean floor in 1803 They contain a relatively high percentage of the metals manganese, iron nickel, copper, and cobalt

22. What are Manganese Nodules? Mn Nodules are formed in situ from of metals and other minerals that have accumulated around a core Common core materials include shark teeth, whale bone or meteorite fragment. They grow very slowly (~mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/sionar.html

23. Composition of Manganese Nodules Libes (1992)