1. 11 Unit 1 Chapter 11

2. 11 Unit 1 Somatic systems- conscious awareness Autonomic sensory - not consciously perceived Monitors internal conditions- blood gasses, viscera operation, etc Autonomic motor- cardiac muscle, smooth muscle & glands Often adjustment of internal controls in relation to whole body needs

3. 11 Unit 1 Somatic motor neurons go directly from spinal cord to skeletal muscle Autonomic motor systems includes two motor neurons: Preganglionic neuron from CNS to autonomic neuron from cell body in ganglion to effector

4. 11 Unit 1 Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division both divisions often innervate the same effector They have opposite effects E.g. sympathetic stimulates heart rate and parasympathetic slows it

5. Figure 11.1a

6. Figure 11.1b

7. 11 Unit 1 Thoracolumbar division- outflow from thoracic & lumbar segments of spinal cord Preganglionic fibers – From lateral horns via ventral roots to sympathetic ganglia synapse with postganglionic cells in ganglia

8. 11 Unit 1 Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia Vertical rows on either side of vertebral column Post synaptic fibers mostly got to organs above diaphragm Prevertebral ganglia Anterior to vertebral column- celiac, superior mesenteric & inferior mesenteric Innervate organs below diaphragm

9. 11 Unit 1 To postganglionic neuron 1. in trunk ganglion at level of root 2. In ganglion higher or lower in chain 3. in prevertebral ganglion 4.Directly to target organ-adrenal medulla average preganglionic neuron synapses with 17 postganglionic neurons

10. Figure 11.2

11. 11 Unit 1 Output at top-medulla nuclei Cranial nerves II, VII,IX, X Bottom of spinal cord- sacral nerves Synapse in terminal ganglia Near or in the innervated organ localized to single effector organ

12. Figure 11.3

13. 11 Unit 1 Acetylcholine- All preganglionic fibers terminals parasympathetic postganglionic terminals A few postganglionic sympathetic terminals Short-lived effects Norepinephrine- Most postganglioic sympathetic terminals Longer effects Amplified by adrenal release with epinephrine

14. 11 Unit 1 Balance between sympathetic & parasympathetic “tone” regulated through hypothalamus Only sympathetic to: Sweat glands, arrrector pili muscles, kidneys, spleen, blood vessels & adrenal medulla

15. 11 Unit 1 fight-or-flight activities Dilate pupils Increase HR, heart contraction & BP Dilate airways Constrict blood vessels to non essential organs: kidneys, GI tract Dilate vessels to muscles, cardiac muscle, liver & adipose Mobilize nutrients: glucose & fats

16. 11 Unit 1 Rest-and–digest act ivies SLUDD Salvation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defecation Decrease- HR, airway diameter, pupil diameter