2. What is Cellular Respiration?  The process whereby cells convert carbohydrates to energy in the form of ATP (energy storage molecule)  All cells undergo respiration  Aerobic respiration is the most efficient method, yielding the greatest amount of ATP per glucose molecule  Anaerobic respiration is less efficient but provides a method for getting energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen

3. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (glucose)(oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water) Does this equation look familiar? It is the reverse of the photosynthesis equation.

4. Aerobic Cellular Respiration: Respiration in the Presence of Oxygen Two Main Parts 1 st Part: Anaerobic Process Glycolysis in cytoplasm 2 nd Part: Aerobic Processes Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain in mitochondrion

5. Aerobic Cellular Respiration Three steps: 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. ETC (Electron Transport Chain)

6. Glycolysis glycolysis is an anaerobic process, meaning it does NOT require oxygen occurs in the cytoplasm glucose is broken down into pyruvate yields 2 molecules of ATP 2 molecules

7. Krebs Cycle aerobic metabolic process, meaning it REQUIRES oxygen also known as the Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the mitochondrion takes the product of glycolysis and converts it to carbon dioxide yields 2 molecules of ATP 6CO 2 2 molecules

8. Electron Transport Chain aerobic metabolic process occurs in the mitochondrion releases the greatest amount of ATP yields about 34 molecules of ATP 34 molecules

10. Chloroplast Mitochondria glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water photosynthesis & cellular respiration are cyclic processes the products of one are the reactants of the other

11. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Respiration in the Absence of Oxygen = Glycolysis + Fermentation allows cells to produce ATP WITHOUT OXYGEN no ETC is present (recall how many ATP molecules are created by the electron transport chain = ___ ATP) method used by anaerobic bacteria method used by organisms which ordinarily undergo aerobic respiration when there is no oxygen present 34

12. Glycolysis + Fermentation In the absence of oxygen, the product of glycolysis (pyruvate) enters into the fermentation pathway Two pathways (pathway is dependent on the organism) 1. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Lactic acid

13. Fermentation

14. Alcoholic Fermentation yeast undergo alcoholic fermentation glucose is converted to ethanol & carbon dioxide yields 2 ATP molecules applications  CO 2 makes bread rise  brewing beer  winemaking  ethanol fuel

15. Lactic Acid Fermentation glucose is converted to lactate some bacteria undergo lactic acid fermentation  applications = yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi muscle cells can continue to produce ATP when oxygen runs low but muscle fatigue and pain may result  fast twitch muscles for sprinting  white meat in poultry

16. Summarize: 3-2-1 3 Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration 2 Types of Fermentation 1 Main Goal of Cellular Respiration