1. Unit 4: Cellular Energy
Chapter 8

2. What is Metabolism?
Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions:
» Catabolic
» Anabolic

3. Catabolic: Releases energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

4. Example of Catabolic Reaction:
Cellular Respiration: Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Carbon Dioxide
Energy
Glucose
Oxygen
Water

5. Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news?
Anabolic: Uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news?
Building up

6. Example of Anabolic Reaction:
Photosynthesis: Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell.
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O O2
Sun Light
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
Water

7. What is Metabolism?
The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of energy within organisms.

8. a. homeostasis b. anabolic c. catabolic d. ATP
Clicker Question #1
The building of materials is called:
a. homeostasis
b. anabolic
c. catabolic
d. ATP

9. c. cellular respiration d. transpiration
Clicker Question #2
Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process?
a. photosynthesis
b. homeostasis
c. cellular respiration
d. transpiration

10. a. Carbon dioxide & water b. Glucose only c. Glucose & carbon dioxide
Clicker Question #3
Which of the following are products of photosynthesis?
a. Carbon dioxide & water
b. Glucose only
c. Glucose & carbon dioxide
d. Glucose & oxygen

11. a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP b. Glucose & oxygen
Clicker Question #4
Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP
b. Glucose & oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide & ATP
d. Glucose & carbon dioxide

12. What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities.

13. ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate….
What is ATP?
ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate….
Pop off the last one!
When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it releases energy for the cell to use… & turns into ADP

14. ATP holds/stores energy
What is ATP?
ATP holds/stores energy
When last phosphate is popped off, ENERGY is RELEASED!

15. c. Maintains homeostasis d. Breaks down molecules
Clicker Question #5
What does ATP do?
a. Stores energy
b. Gets rid of energy
c. Maintains homeostasis
d. Breaks down molecules

16. How does ATP release energy?
Clicker Question #6
How does ATP release energy?
a. It just gives it away
b. When the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate is broken
c. When the bond between the 1st & 2nd phosphate is broken
d. It never releases energy

17. Clicker Question #7 a. Glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. NADP+ d. ADP
Once the last phosphate is broken off and energy is released, what does ATP turn into?
a. Glucose
b. Carbon dioxide
c. NADP+
d. ADP

18. Where does ATP come from?

19. Where does ATP come from?
Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY).
BUT An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to get the food (glucose). Where does the food (glucose) come from? What starts the food chain?
Photosynthesis in plants

20. What happens during photosynthesis?
* Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts
* Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the
chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight
Released into
the atmosphere
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O O2
Glucose = Food
Oxygen
Sent to Mitochondria to process it into ENERGY (ATP)

21. What happens during photosynthesis?

22. Photosynthesis Video

23. Clicker Question #8 a. Ribosomes b. Cell membrane c. Mitochondria
Where does photosynthesis take place?
a. Ribosomes
b. Cell membrane
c. Mitochondria
d. Chloroplasts

24. Clicker Question #9 a. Carbon dioxide b. Glucose c. Oxygen d. Water
During photosynthesis, what is released into the atmosphere?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Glucose
c. Oxygen
d. Water

25. a. To make carbon dioxide b. To make glucose c. To make oxygen
Clicker Question #10
What is the main purpose for photosynthesis?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make glucose
c. To make oxygen
d. To make water

26. These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight:
Clicker Question #11
These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight:
a. Mitochondria
b. Chlorophyll
c. Ribosomes
d. Cell Wall

27. Cellular Respiration is next!
What’s next?
After photosynthesis, and glucose is made: * In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria * In animals…they must eat the plant and the food is sent to the mitochondria
What’s next?
Cellular Respiration is next!

28. Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen
Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen
Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!

29. What happens during cellular respiration?
* Aerobic…needs oxygen
* Occurs in Mitochondria
* Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules
are made
Released
When you exhale
Released
When you exhale
Glucose
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Pop the
phosphate off releases energy
Broken down

30. 1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP
What happens during cellular respiration?
1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP

31. Cellular Respiration Video

32. What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
Clicker Question #12
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make energy
c. To make water
d. To make glucose

33. What waste products are released during cellular respiration?
Clicker Question #13
What waste products are released during cellular respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide & water
b. Glucose & oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide & glucose
d. Carbon dioxide only

34. How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose?
Clicker Question #14
How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose?
a. 2
b. 20
c. 26
d. 36

35. Where does cellular respiration occur?
Clicker Question #15
Where does cellular respiration occur?
a. Ribosomes
b. Chloroplasts
c. Mitochondria
d. Chlorophyll

36. What is aerobic? Clicker Question #16 a. A process maintaining balance
b. A process that requires oxygen
c. A process that does not require oxygen
d. A process that makes ATP

37. There are two types of anaerobic respiration
Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types)
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep the cycle going.
- When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore.
- Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt,
and sour cream.

38. Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”

39. Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol
There are two types of anaerobic respiration
2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria when oxygen is not available to create…..
Alcohol
Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol

40. Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get enough:
Clicker Question #17
Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get enough:
a. Protein
b. Energy
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon Dioxide

41. Lactic acid causes: Clicker Question #18 a. Glucose to be the product
b. Energy to be released
c. The making of alcohol
d. Muscle soreness

42. Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are examples of:
Clicker Question #19
Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are examples of:
a. Homeostasis
b. Catabolic reactions
c. Aerobic processes
d. Anaerobic processes

43. The following equation represents:
Clicker Question #20
The following equation represents:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
a. Homeostasis
b. Photosynthesis
c. Cellular Respiration
d. None of the above

44. The End

45. Clicker Answers
1. a 11. b 2. a 12. b 3. d 13. a 4. a 14. d 5. a 15. c 6. b 16. b 7. d 17. c 8. d 18. d 9. c 19. d 10. b 20. c