1. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2 Lesson 5Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources You will learn  what fossil fuels are  about the different types of fossil fuels  about the uses of fossil fuels Slide 5.1

2. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2 What are Fossil Fuels?  Substances which can be burnt to produce energy  Formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals  Organic substances because they are formed from once living organisms  Are extracted from land or the seabed  Formed over millions of years Slide 5.2 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources

3. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  Formed over millions of years  When living things die, they decompose  Lack of oxygen  decomposition incomplete  Substances containing hydrogen and carbon are left behind  Over time, under extreme pressure and heat, these substances become fossil fuels  Fossil fuels occur in solid, liquid and gaseous forms Slide 5.3 What are Fossil Fuels? (cont’d) Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources

4. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2 How is coal formed? (Coal formation) swampy 300 million years ago, Earth was covered mostly with swampy forests sank Plants died and sank into swamp. oxygen. Could not be completely decomposed due to lack of oxygen. Compacted coal Compacted them into solid layers of coal. sediments decayed Overtime, sediments piled on top of these layers of decayed plants. layers Formed thick moist layers in the ground.

5. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  Oil  Also called crude oil or petroleum  Liquid form of fossil fuels  Formed from the remains of marine plants and animals Slide 5.5 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Marine plants and animals settled on ocean floor when they died. They are covered by sediments Over time, pressure and heat changed these organic matters into oil Oil seeped upwards through pores in overlaying rocks Formation of Coal, Oil and Natural Gas (cont’d)

6. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2

7. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  Natural Gas  Gaseous form of fossil fuels  Formed in similar manner as oil  Crude oil and natural gas usually found together  Gas collects above the oil because it is less dense Slide 5.6 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Formation of Coal, Oil and Natural Gas (cont’d)

8. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2   We use fossil fuels to make our lives more comfortable   Use them as an energy source, a heat source and as raw materials Slide 5.7 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Uses of Fossil Fuels

9. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  The most important use of fossil fuels is to provide energy  Coal is a good and cheap fuel during the Industrial Revolution  Major source of energy for a long time  Burning coal produced temperatures high enough to boil water. Steam from boiling water used to run machinery and to move trains and ocean liners  Today, coal is mostly used to generate electricity Slide 5.8 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Uses of Fossil Fuels (cont’d)

10. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  In recent years, coal has been overtaken by other fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas as a major fuel  Compared to coal, petroleum is more efficient  produces more energy  Less bulky  easier to transport from place to place  Petroleum is now commonly used as an energy source to power various forms of transport Slide 5.9 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Uses of Fossil Fuels (cont’d)

11. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2   Fossil fuels can be used to generate heat  Natural gas is commonly used in homes for cooking and heating  Peat, a type of coal, used in Russia and Iceland to heat homes Slide 5.10 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Uses of Fossil Fuels (cont’d)

12. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2  Fossil fuels provide us with raw materials to make many things  Coal is used in the manufacture of chemical products such as dyes, waxes, drugs and pesticides  Petroleum is used to make non-fuel products such as wax, plastic products and lubricants  Petroleum and natural gas are also used to make chemical compounds which are then used to make plastics, fabrics, fertilisers and medicines Slide 5.11 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources Uses of Fossil Fuels (cont’d)

13. © MPH Education (S) Pte Ltd 2000 Earth Our Home 2 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources   We are dependent on fossil fuels in many areas in our lives   Modern technology helps us to make greater use of them   However, fossil fuels are non-renewable, thus have to be used carefully Slide 5.12 Lesson 5 Fossil Fuels as Non-renewable Resources