1. Session 1.1.2 Understanding humanitarian emergencies

2. Session 1.1.2: Objectives Learning objectives At the end of this session, participants will be able to: Explain what a humanitarian emergency is and relate this to their local context Describe the factors which determine if a humanitarian response is needed

3. An emergency A sudden and usually unforeseen event that calls for immediate measures to minimise its adverse consequences

4. An emergency An emergency occurs after a disaster, or during a prolonged crisis, when local capacity is insufficient to address needs and an immediate response is required

5. Humanitarian emergency Occurs in situations where the relevant authorities are unable, or unwilling, to respond to the protection and assistance of needs of the population in the territory over which they have control, and when assessment and analysis indicate these needs are not met

6. What is and is not an emergency? Haiti earthquake, 7.0 M w Chile earthquake 8.8 M w Photo: mirror.co.uk

7. What is and is not an emergency? Pakistan floods Australia floods

8. What is and is not an emergency? “Hazards only become disasters when people’s lives and livelihoods are swept away...we must reduce the impact of disasters by building sustainable communities that have long-term capacity to live with risk.” Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary-General, International Day for Disaster Reduction, 8 Oct 2003

9. In groups, brainstorm : In this country, what factors would you need to consider to decide if a situation requires an emergency response?

10. What is and is not an emergency? A number of factors are considered when categorising a particular emergency: humanitarian need: total number of people affected, number of people severely affected amount and scale of physical damage local capacities to respond – government and non government how prepared country is for such an emergency how ready the government is to act

11. What is and is not an emergency? However, it is often management judgement and not a mechanical assessment of these factors that determines whether an emergency response is required and how an agency responds

13. The Humanitarian Charter The right to… life with dignity protection and security receive humanitarian assistance

14. WASH Cluster Coordinator Training - BKK

15. 1. People-centred humanitarian response participation, community mobilisation, psychosocial, complaints and redress, information-sharing 2. Coordination and collaboration 3. Assessment initial, rapid and in-depth assessments 4. Analysis and design response and targeting standards 5. Performance, transparency and learning monitoring and evaluation standards and principle of accountability 6. Aid worker performance linked to PiA and to HAP benchmark

16. Minimum standards: minimum levels to be attained in humanitarian response Key actions: suggested activities and inputs to help meet standards Key indicators: ‘signals’ that standard achieved Guidance notes: specific points to consider when applying the minimum standards

17. What is a minimum standard? minimum level of service Standard 1: Excreta disposal People have adequate, appropriate and acceptable toilet facilities, sufficiently close to their dwellings, to allow rapid, safe and secure access at all times, day and night Q. How many ways can you think of to measure this?

18. What are key actions? Suggested activities and inputs to help meet the standards Key actions: Excreta disposal Consult and secure the approval of all users (especially women and people with limited mobility) on the siting, design and appropriateness of sanitation facilities Provide the affected people with the means, tools and materials to construct, maintain and clear their toilet facilities……..

19. What are key indicators? - Show if standard attained - Measures and communicates - impact or result - process or methods - May be qualitative or quantitative Key indicators: Excreta disposal Maximum 20 people use each toilet Separate, internally lockable toilets for women and men are available in public places… Toilets are no more than 50 metres from dwellings (see guidance notes)…

20. What are guidance notes? - disseminate experience - illuminate areas of controversy - help use indicators in context Guidance notes - Excreta disposal “…inappropriate siting of toilets may make women and girls more vulnerable to attack… ensure that women and girls feel and are safe when using the toilets provided…