1. Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Cells
Lin Guo-hua

2. Cardiac E-C coupling

3. Slow or L-type Ca2+ Channels (DHPRs)

4. L-type Ca2+ Channels

5. Ca2+ Release Channel of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Ryanodine Receptor)

6. cardiac ryanodin receptor

7. Physiological and pathophysiological regulation

8. Ca2+ Pump of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SERCA)

9. SERCA

10. SERCA-PLN complex

11. Phospholamban (PLN)
&
Sarcolipin
(SLN)

12. The Ca2+ Pump of the Plasma Membrane (PMCA)

13. Sodium/Calcium Exchanger (NCX)

14. Troponin C (TnC)

15. Calmodulin (CaM)

16. Calmodulin (CaM) & Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII)

17. Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII)

18. Regulation of Ca Transporters by CaM and CaMKII

19. frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation (FDAR)

20. Calsequestrin (CSQ)

21. Organization of EC coupling elements

23. Integrative Analysis of Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Muscle

24. [Ca2+]i Transient in Heart Cell

25. [Ca2+]i sparks
&
[Ca2+]I Transient

27. Ca2+ Requirements for Activation of Myofilaments

28. Autoregulation of SR Ca2+ Content

29. Modulation of the RyR
Changes of sarcolemmal fluxes and SR CaCa2+ release during potentiation of CICR by caffeine (500 mmol/L)

30. relationships between the various Ca2+ fluxes

31. Ca2+ Influx During the Cardiac AP

32. Ca2+ Removal From the Cytosol During Cardiac Relaxation

33. Frequency-dependent changes in the fraction of Ca release that is taken back up by the SR

34. Measurement of SR Ca2+ content and forcefrequency relationship.

35. force frequency relation

36. Frequency-dependence of isometric twitch force (twitch) and rapid cooling contractures (RCC) in nonfailing and failing human myocardium

37. Relationship between NCX and SERCA protein levels and in non-failing and failing human myocardium

38. Caffeine contractures in isolated rabbit myocytes following adenoviral gene transfer of LacZ and NCX

39. Frequency-dependent changes in twitch force, aequorin light signals RCCs in huma atrial muscles (A) and ventricular muscles (B).

40. Steady-state twitches, postrest twitches, and RCCs in isolated human atrial myocardium.

41. Rapid Cooling Contracture

42. Paired RCCs and Ca2+ Reuptake Into the SR

43. postrest potentiation & postrest decay
Rest-dependent changes in the amplitudes of twitch force and RCCs) in human atrial myocardium (A) and ventricular muscles (B)

44. restitution
postextrasystolic potentiation

45. Ca2+ Restitution of the Ca transient