1. 33 CHAPTER BASIC APPLLICATION SOFTWARE

2. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-2 Common Errors Resulting in Spreadsheet Formulas

3. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-3 Common Spreadsheet Errors #### ● Cause: Not enough space for the result. ● Solution: Increasing cell space (column width) #VALUE ● Cause: Type of value/ cell in the argument is not valid. ● Solution: Change the argument type. #DIV/0 –Cause: A division by zero happens in the formula. –Solution: Avoid the situation of this invalid division. #REF –Cause: Appear when a cell included in the formula/ function doesn’t exist anymore. –Solution: Rewrite the formula with the existing values/ cells on the sheet.

4. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-4 Lecture Objectives Charts Overview Charting Example: Student Performance Charts Common Spreadsheet Charts Column/ Bar Chart Pie Chart Line Chart

5. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-5 Charts Overview A chart is a graphical representation of data values in a worksheet. Charts allows easier interpretation of facts (comparisons, trends & patterns) hidden inside numbers. Every chart delivers a specific message about the plotted data. Nature of the chart message implies the type of the chart to be used.

6. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-6 Example: Charting Spreadsheet Data

7. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-7 ….Example: Charting Spreadsheet Data What is the rank of each student with respect to scores in different exams? (Comparing Values) Column Chart Columns are side- by-side or clustered (for each student).

8. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-8 ….Example: Charting Spreadsheet Data For Mr. Adam, what percentage of his total score comes from each exam? (Comparing percentages in a total value) Pie Chart

9. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-9 ….Example: Charting Spreadsheet Data What performance trend, each student is exhibiting with time? (Comparing trends) Line Chart

10. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-10 Chart Terminology Data Point Plotted data values. Data Series Name A name given to a collection of data values which belong to a single row or column (shown by colors). Category Labels A label for further defining (another dimension) a data value in a series (shown by labels on X-axis).

11. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-11 Chart Terminology ● Every colored column refers to a data point. ● Every color identifies a series (collection of data points belonging to a specific exam) ● Every cluster (X-axis Label) identifies a category -Series & Category Labels could be used interchangeably. -It affects only the organization of visual elements (colored columns). Here, Series (Exam Name)– Appears in Columns Category (Student Name)– appears in Rows.

12. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-12 Chart Terminology -Series & Category Labels could be used interchangeably. -It affects only the organization of visual elements (columns). Here, Series (Student Names)– Appears in Rows Category (Exam Name)– appears in Columns.

13. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-13 Main Chart Types in Microsoft Excel Column Chart Bar Chart Pie Chart Line Chart Doughnut Chart Area/ Radar/ Surface/ Bubble/ Stock/ Cylinder/ User Defined

14. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-14 Pie Chart Details Pie Chart Used to display proportional relationships among different items. Cannot plot more than one series. Interpretation: Circle (pie) shows the total amount. Every slice shows the contribution (%age) of each data value in the total. Key Words: percentage market share What percentage of total revenue in 1998 comes from each product?

15. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-15 Pie Chart Sub-Types

16. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-16 Column Chart Details Column/ Bar Chart Used to show/ compare actual numbers rather than percentages. Bar chart is only a horizontal representation of a column chart. Interpretation: The length of vertical column/ horizontal bar tells the actual value. Key words: What is the rank of something among …? What is the value of each? Compare the values…? What is the revenue produced by each product in each year?

17. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-17 … Column Chart Details Column Chart Bar Chart

18. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-18