1. USDA/MRP/AMS

2. Feeder Cattle Grading

3. USDA/MRP/AMS

4. North American Beef Breeds 70-80 (World Wide >200) Amerifax Angus Ankina Barzona Beef Friesian Beefmaster Belgian Blue Belted Galloway Blonde d’ Aquitaine Braford Brahman Bramousin Brangus Brown Swiss Charbray Charolais Chianina Devon Dexter Galloway Gascon Gelbvieh Hays Converter Hereford Illamarra Limousin Lincoln Red Longhorn Romagnola Salers Santa Gertrudis Scotch Highlander Senepol Shorthorn Simbrah Simmental South Devon Tarentaise Watusi Welsh Black White Park Zebu Luing Maine-Anjou Marchigiana Milking Shorthorn Murray Grey Normande Norwegian Red Parthenais Piedmontese Pinzgauer Polled Hereford Red Angus Red Brangus Red Poll

5. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Standards are – Common trade language between buyers and sellers

6. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Standards are – A tool for penning cattle @ officially graded sales (commingled ownership) Used to certify feeder cattle grades for futures contracts

7. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Standards are – Basis for federal-state livestock market news reporting

8. USDA/MRP/AMS U.S. Standards for Feeder Cattle OCTOBER 1, 2000 Previous Standards September, 1979 & 1964 www.ams.usda.gov/lsg/stand/st-pub (Select Official US Standards for Grades)

9. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Value Determining Factors Background Color Fill Horns Personal Preference Vaccinations Breed Condition/Flesh Frame Muscling Sex Weight

10. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Value Determining Factors Condition/Flesh Thriftiness Weight Change! Therefore, are not a sound basis for grade standards

11. USDA/MRP/AMS Feeder Cattle Value Determining Factors Sex An inappropriate factor since most feeder cattle are sorted by sex BEFORE the sale

12. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Muscling

13. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size Steer (lbs.)Heifer (lbs.) Large> 1250> 1150 Medium1100 – 12501000 - 1150 Small< 1100< 1000 Relates to finished weight – given degree of fatness to grade Choice Skeletal size (height & length) in relation to age

14. USDA/MRP/AMS US No. 1 (moderately thick) US No. 3 (Thin) US No. 2 (TTB slightly thick) US No. 4 Relates to muscle to bone ratio at a given degree of fatness and hence yield grade USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Score October 2000

15. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size LargeMedium Small

16. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size - Large Tall and long bodied ½ inch fat Steers over 1250 lbs. Heifers over 1150 lbs.

17. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size - Medium Slightly tall Slightly long bodied ½ inch fat Steers 1100 to 1250 lbs. Heifers 1000 to 1150 lbs.

18. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size - Small Not as tall as Medium Short bodied ½ inch fat Steers less than 1100 lbs. Heifers less than 1000 lbs.

19. USDA/MRP/AMS

23. USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Frame Size – Relative to maturity Length of tail Coarseness of hair in switch Width of muzzle Coarseness of hair on poll Size of feet, ears, base of horns, etc.

24. USDA/MRP/AMS Jorgenson’s Muscling Theory

25. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Scores No. 1No. 2No. 3No. 4

26. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Scores – No. 1 Moderately thick throughout Predominate beef breeding

27. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Scores – No. 2 Slightly thick throughout High proportion beef breeding/Slight dairy breeding

28. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Scores – No. 3 Thin throughout Legs are set close together

29. USDA/MRP/AMS USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Muscle Thickness Scores – No. 4 Less thickness than No. 3

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31. USDA Feeder Cattle Grades Inferior Mismanagement Disease Parasitism Any condition that must be corrected before the animal can perform normally!  Double muscled animals

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35. USDA Feeder Cattle Grades A Communication Tool Weight & Sex Comments Condition/Flesh Breed characteristics Special sales Pre-Vac, Weaned, Conditioned USDA Grade PLUS

36. USDA/MRP/AMS