1. 12/24/2015 1 Ground Team Skills & Procedures Air and Ground Coordination Without Radios

2. 12/24/2015 2 Introduction n Air and ground team coordination is best arranged over the radio n Aircraft or vehicle radios can fail –Good idea to have multi-channel radio communications (two or more radios and frequencies) n We must be prepared to continue with the mission in the event of radio failure

3. 12/24/2015 3 Air to Ground Signals n Ground Crews –Spotters maintain visual observation of air cover at all times –Recorder keep time-position -heading record of aircraft –Deploy ground to air signals promptly –Be ready to move without delay

4. 12/24/2015 4 Air to Ground Signals n When signaling the aircraft will –Generally travel at under 100 MPH –Maneuver with all external lights on »Rotating tail beacon (if available) »Landing lights »Taxi lights Lights on - signaling Lights off - normal flying

5. 12/24/2015 5 Air-to-Ground Signals Murphy’s Method

6. 12/24/2015 6 Air-to-Ground Signals

7. 12/24/2015 7 Ground to Air Signals n Signal panels –Contrasting colors (orange, red, yellow) –10-12 feet long –3-4 feet wide –Place in open area

8. 12/24/2015 8

9. 9 Body Signals

10. 12/24/2015 10 Other Signals n Strobe lights n Signal Mirror –Space blanket can act as a large signal mirror n Shadows –Pile rocks, brush or snow –Scrap or tramp our trenches in dirt, sand or snow n Smoke Signals –commercial orange smoke –hot fire with green leaves, moss or ferns n Aerial Flares

11. 12/24/2015 11 Other Signals n Signal Mirror Operation –Reflect sun on nearby surface –Look at reflected spot though hone –Slowly move mirror to aim at target –Sweep horizon slowly - flashes can be seen for miles n Paulin Signals –Fold in patters for different shapes –Colors contrast with background –Size: 6-12 feet long, 2- 3 feet wide