3. Thursday, March 24, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms. Bellringer: Explain how a dichotomous key works, and its purpose. (Explain yesterday’s lab in your own words.)

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7. Thursday, March 24, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms. Bellringer: Explain how a dichotomous key works, and its purpose. (Explain yesterday’s lab in your own words.)

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9. Thursday, March 24, 2011 last chance to view BR - 1 min Objective: Students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms. Bellringer: Explain how a dichotomous key works, and its purpose. (Explain yesterday’s lab in your own words.)

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13. Turn in Bellringers!!!

14. Thursday, March 24, 2011 Bellringer Review Objective: Students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms. Bellringer: Explain how a dichotomous key works, and its purpose. (Explain yesterday’s lab in your own words.)

15. Thursday, March 24, 2011 AGENDA: 1. BR 2. Notes: Taxonomy 3. Work Time: Classification Practice Problems HOMEWORK: 1. Complete Shark Dichotomous Key Lab 2. Complete Classification Practice Problems

16. Taxonomy The science of naming organisms.

17. Older Classification System: Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it –Fly –Swim –Crawl Simple classifications Used common names

18. Newer Classification System: Carolus Linnaeus Described organisms with two word names, instead of polynomials Developed binomial nomenclature –First word = genus name –Second word = species name

19. Why binomial nomenclature? Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system” Same name no matter where you go Less confusion Binomial = SCIENTIFIC NAME

20. Some Scientific Names to Know Homo sapiens = modern human Canis lupus = gray wolf Felis domesticus = common cat Pan paniscus = bonobo chimpanzee

21. Taxonomic hierarchy Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific

22. All organisms classified in a hierarchy Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific) King Phillip Came Over For Gooey Spaghetti

23. Extra Credit Assignment: Look up the classification for humans for all seven hierarchies and write them below. 1.Kingdom: 2.Phylum: 3.Class: 4.Order: 5.Family: 6.Genus: 7.Species:

24. What is a species anyway? Biological species concept –A group of actually or potentially breeding natural groups that are reproductively isolated from other groups. »Ernst Mayr, 1924 BSC’s problems –Hybrids Sterile offspring of two different species –Asexual organisms

25. How many are out there? Scientists currently estimate that –There are 10 million species worldwide –Over 5 million live in the tropics –Most unnamed species are small or microscopic

26. Why is taxonomy useful? Helps prevent confusion among scientists Helps to show how organisms are related Can be used to reconstruct phylogenies – evolutionary histories – of an organism or group

27. Cladograms Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line Points where they diverge are often noted with a feature that was different between ancestral group and a “new” feature in the group that split off.

28. Bird Cladogram

29. Vertebrate Cladogram

30. The 6 kingdoms Prokaryotes (Used to be 1 kingdom, Monera) –Archaebacteria –Eubacteria Eukaryotes –Fungi –Protista –Animal –Plantae

31. Overview of the 6 kingdoms Archaebacteria (old bacteria) –Prokaryotic –Unicellular –Live in extreme environments Eubacteria (new bacteria) –Prokaryotic –Unicellular –“Common bacteria”

32. Overview of the 6 kingdoms Protista (Ex: euglena, amoeba) –Eukaryotic –Unicellular or colonial –Lots of different life styles Fungi (Ex: mushrooms, decomposers) –Eukaryotic –Multicellular –Cell walls made of chitin –Heterotrophs (don’t make own food)

33. Overview of the 6 kingdoms Plantae –Eukaryotic & Multicellular –Cell walls made of cellulose –Autotrophic (make own food) Animalia –Eukaryotic & Multicellular –No cell walls –Heterotrophs (don’t make own food)

34. Thursday, March 24, 2011 AGENDA: 1. BR 2. Notes: Taxonomy 3. Work Time: Classification Practice Problems HOMEWORK: 1. Complete Shark Dichotomous Key Lab 2. Complete Classification Practice Problems