2. Reference Text: Modern Biology Chapter 18 – Section 1 Pgs. 336 - 341

3. All Organisms on earth are said to have descended from an ancient common ancestor.

4. WHAT THINGS DO WE CLASSIFY? WHY DO WE CLASSIFY THEM?

5. Every Year, thousands of new species are discovered. classify To study so many life-forms, biologists organize or classify them into numerous groups based on similar characteristics (structures).

6. Biological Classification: to group things according to similar/different structures that they share. Classification is very useful in Biology… Indicates relationships between species Indicates relationships between species Accurately & uniformly names organisms; star fish and jelly fish aren't’ really fish Accurately & uniformly names organisms; star fish and jelly fish aren't’ really fish

7. TAXONOMY: The branch of biology that classifies organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history TAXONOMISTS : TAXONOMISTS : scientists that identify & name organisms. scientists that identify & name organisms. named organisms in a way that reflects their classification. named organisms in a way that reflects their classification. use the same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names. use the same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names.

8. The first classification system was developed 2000 years ago by Greek Philosopher, Aristotle. He was the first taxonomist. He was the first taxonomist. He simply divided organisms into plants & animals He simply divided organisms into plants & animals He then subdivided them by their habitat: He then subdivided them by their habitat: land, sea, or air dwellers land, sea, or air dwellers Plants, by stem structure Plants, by stem structure

10. As modern science developed and more & more organisms began to be discovered, Biologists realized Aristotle’s system was no longer adequate for naming & organizing all life on earth. Sea”horse”?? European bee: European bee: Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatis.

11. Carolus Linnaeus In response to the need for better organization, an 18 th century Swedish botanist named Carolus Linnaeus offered a solution to the confusion of classifying and naming organisms. Created a hierarchical system for classifying organisms Developed naming system still used today Linnaeus’s System Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 The “Father of Taxonomy”

12. morphology Linnaeus classified organisms into nested Levels of Classification based on similarities in morphology (form & structure), rather than by location. For example, although Bats can fly, he classified them as mammals, not birds, because they share common traits with other mammals; they have hair, have live births and nurse their offspring with milk. Linnaeus’s System

13. The Linnaeus System of Taxonomy uses a hierarchical system for classifying organisms from broadest to most specific. The Seven Levels of Classification!  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species BROADEST TAXON MOST SPECIFIC Linnaeus’s System Each category or level is called a taxa, hence the name taxonomy! taxonomy!

14. Levels of Classification! Linnaeus’s System The Nested Nature of Biological Classification

15. Keep Plates Clean Or Family Gets Sick Levels of Classification

24. Taxonomic Group:tigergrey wolf Kingdom:AnimalAnimal Phylum:ChordatesChordates Class:MammalsMammals Order:CarnivoresCarnivores Family:FelinesCanines Genus:PantheraCanis Species:tigrislupus Taxonomic Classification Name: Genus & species

25. Which two animals would be more closely related, two from the same phylum or two from the same genus?

26. Linnaeus also developed the modern system of naming organisms known as: Binomial nomenclature Linnaeus’s System

27. Why? Common names can vary! What animal is this? ______________... are all names for the same animal mountain lion puma catamou cougar

28. Also, some early scientific names were often long and difficult to remember… The European bee, for example, carried the name Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatis.

29. Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system that identifies a species with 2 names: Uses Genus & species Uses Genus & species Either Latin or Greek Either Latin or Greek Italicized in print Italicized in print Capitalize Genus, but NOT species Capitalize Genus, but NOT species Underline when writing Underline when writing American Robin Turdus migratorius

30. Binomial Nomenclature copyright cmassengale30 Which TWO are more closely related?