1. The Beliefs of Islam Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

2. Islam’s Holy Book The Quran or Koran – contains the teachings revealed to Muhammad the prophet of Allah

4. Started in the Middle East Islam began in Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East

5. Laws = The 5 Pillars of Islam 1.Faith in Allah  Shahadah 2.Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca  Salat 3.Giving alms to the poor (charity)  Zakat 4.Fasting during Ramadan  Sawm 5.Make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime  Hajj

6. llah Allah is the Islamic name for GOD Those who follow Allah are called MUSLIMS

7. Muhammad Muhammad is the founder of Islam His teachings are written in the Koran

8. Islam is Monotheistic Name another religion we have studied that is monotheistic =

9. Cities that are holy Mecca – Muhammad was born here and is where the KAABA is located

10. ities that are holy Medina – This is the city where Muhammad started Islam

11. Cities that are holy Jerusalem – This is where Muhammad left to heaven from

13. Kaaba Is a large cube building It is the holiest place in Islam This is the building Muslims face during prayer

14. HAJJ All able-bodied Muslims must go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least ONCE in their life.

16. Sharia Law System of Law that deals with all matters of Muslim life Ideas come from the Koran

17. The Spread Of Islam 100% Islam Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

18. Crisis Muhammad dies in 632 Muslims now had to find a new leader Muhammad did not name a successor

19. Solution Muslims chose Abu- Bakr who was a loyal friend of Muhammad He became the first Caliph Caliph – (kay-lif) means successor or deputy

20. Abu-Bakr After Muhammad died some Muslims – Refused to pay taxes – Tried to say they were prophets themselves – Some tribes abandoned Islam In order to get things under control, Abu-Bakr used the military to get authority.

21. Muslim State By the time Abu died, the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia Under the next 2 caliphs they took: – Syria – Lower Egypt – Parts of Persia By 750 they controlled from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River (2x the width of the USA!!)

23. Muslim Troops They were successful because they were – Willing to struggle till the end for Islam – Idea of Jihad= struggle Enemies were not used to their style of warfare

24. JIHAD Two forms Form One: the ‘inner struggle’ a Muslim has as he/she tries to come closer to Allah Form Two: the ‘outer struggle’ against enemies of Islam, either violent or non- violent

25. Byzantine and Persia The Byzantine and Persia were already weak from long time conflicts The people welcomed Islam

26. Treatment of Conquered People Muslims were tolerant of conquered people The Quran forbids forceful conversion – They let others keep their religion if they paid a poll tax – People who did not convert were not allowed to spread their own religions

27. The Split Muslims split into two groups:

28. SHI’A Believe the leader should be a relative of Muhammad

29. SUNNI This group followed the Umayyad rule and followed Muhammad’s example.

30. HAJJ All able-bodied Muslims must go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least ONCE in their life.

31. Sharia Law System of Law that deals with all matters of Muslim life Ideas come from the Koran