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Published byGary Pierce Modified over 9 years ago
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Learned Behaviour A result of experience
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Classic Conditioning Pavlov’s Dogs: https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/johnchay/ww w/cc.htm Classic conditioning – associating an unrelated stimulus with a reaction. 1 st time – no reaction to bell ringing Subsequent times – salivating to sound of bell
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Operant conditioning Trial and error learning Reward follows response SUCCESS!!
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Examples of operant conditioning Rat finds the right button that dispenses food In addition, if it trips the wrong button, it is shocked
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Examples of operant conditioning Child plays. Studies show that children that are allowed to play freely are better problem solvers as adults. Parental discipline.
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Habituation – ignoring stimuli We respond to stimuli to keep ourselves alive. If no negative (or positive) effects come from reacting to a stimulus, we learn to “get used to it”, or ignore it. This is HABITUATION.
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Habituation examples Living on a main road, you don’t hear the cars as often as a visitor. Scarecrow works for a day or two, but crows will return to the spot soon. My dog, Kevin, no longer gets excited by the word “walkies”, as I’ve overused it to get his attention.
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Why habituate? Often responding to stimuli is time and energy-consuming. Wasting time and energy if responding to unimportant stimuli
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Insight Applying past experience to solving a new problem Highly developed in humans – can also use others’ experiences to help us to solve new problems Again, play and experimentation plays a big part in highly developed problem solving skills
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Insight example Chimp in room, bananas hanging from ceiling Cannot reach by jumping Stacks boxes to climb, using past play experiences to solve problem
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Imprinting Recognition of a parent from birth/ hatching. May be an attachment to the “wrong” parent (eg. Another species, even an inanimate object) Imprinting is very rapid and lasting learning.
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Imprinting – Lorenz’ ducklings Ducklings form attachment to first moving thing they see Saw Lorenz first – followed him around Would follow other humans, but not other ducks.
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Lorenz’ ducklings Would court Lorenz and other humans, but not other ducks. Identified themselves as the same species as Lorenz
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Imprinting in Humans First bond formation between baby and mother is similar to imprinting. Transferring of bonds when young (through adoption etc) can be very traumatic for child In hospitals, parents are now encouraged to spend more time with sick babies, in case the baby bonds with nurses instead of a parent
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What do we learn from animal behaviour? Control of animals – domesticated dogs from wolves. Dog owner must present themselves to be the leader of the pack Looking after animals, on farms and in veterinary clinics Predicting some effects of environment change/destruction
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Activities Complete table in your book. Glossary: classic conditioning, operant conditioning, habituation, insight, imprinting Quick Check questions pg 362
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