1. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Classification of receptors
Receptors generally sensitive to a specific type of stimuli
Types:
______________
Respond to physical deformation
Respond to chemicals
Respond to heat and cold
Respond to tissue damage
Respond to light

2. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: __________ __________
_____________ nerve endings:
* _____ ______ ______ include warm receptors, cold receptors and nociceptors
* ________ ________ flattened nerve endings for light touch and pressure
* _______ ________ with dendrites wrapped around base of hair follicles respond to light touch

3. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: Cutaneous sensation
__________ nerve endings:
* _________ _________ deep pressure
* _______ _______ 2-point discrimination and light touch
* _______ _______ heavy continuous touch
* _______ ______
* _____ _______ ____
stretch of muscle
heavy/excessive tendon tension

4. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: Pain
Nociceptors found in most all tissues except the brain!
_____ _____ 12-30m/sec sharp, stabbing, short duration
_____ _____ .5-2m/sec dull ache, throbbing long duration
_____ _____ arises from skin, connective tissue, muscles Superficial
Deep
_____ _____ arises from internal organs and is due to _____ (stretch), ______ ________ and _________. Causes feelings of poorly localized pain and nausea.

5. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Pain
Referred pain: interpreted as coming from a source other than actual source
Sensory neurons from viscera and skin share interneurons and brain interprets as coming from skin
Ex. Myocardial infarction (MI) is often felt as pain radiating down left arm. Important reference for diagnosing internal organ dysfunction.

6. BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Pain
Pain pathways: 1st order neurons (nociceptors) 2nd order neurons (projection) 3rd order neurons
Anesthesia and pain control: Local anesthesia – (ex. novacaine) decreased Na+ permeability
General anesthesia – (ex. Ether, Nitrous oxide) cross blood-brain barrier, make plasma membrane more permeable to K+
Neuromodulators – (ex. Morphine, endorphins) affect synaptic properties of pain neurons

7. The Special Senses: Olfaction ( )
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Olfaction ( )
Olfaction occurs _____ ____________________________ on patch of specialized _________.
Axons ascend through ______ ______ (in w/c bone?) to _________ _______.
Can detect ~_____ distinct smells, derived from a number of “primary odors” 7-50
1) __________ ) __________ 3) __________ ) __________ 5) __________ ) __________ 7) __________

8. The Special Senses: Olfaction ( )
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Olfaction ( )
Olfactory neurons _____________________________________. Like taste must be ___ _____________.
Epithelium and neurons are replaced ~ ______. This is unusual for neurons.

9. The Special Senses: Gustation ( )
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Gustation ( )
Oral chemoreceptors that detect chemicals which are __ ________ (saliva) are ____ _____.
Taste buds are comprised of specialized ________ ____ that synapse with _______.
Associated mainly with ________.
Also on lips etc.

10. The Senses: Gustation ( )
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation ( )
Types of papillae:
___________
___________ (most numerous but NO taste buds here.
Foliate papillae

11. The Senses: Gustation (taste)
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation (taste)
Taste buds can detect _____ basic tastes:
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
Taste buds are “specialized” to be more sensitive to specific taste.
Taste map

12. The Senses: Gustation (taste)
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation (taste) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)