1. Jonathan Lloyd School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Geomicrobiology.co.uk jon.lloyd@manchester.ac.uk Land Bioremediation and Bionanotechnology Part 3 Industrial Uses of Bacteria 19 May 2010 - IOM 3, London

2. Fe 2+ (O h ) Fe 3+ (T d ) Fe 3+ (O h ) Fe L-edge Cr removal by reduction to Cr(III) (XPS/XAS) and incorporation into magnetite structure (XMCD). Coupled to concomitant oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III).Cr removal by reduction to Cr(III) (XPS/XAS) and incorporation into magnetite structure (XMCD). Coupled to concomitant oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Cr(VI) removal/reduction mechanism: XMCD Optimizing Cr(VI) and Tc(VII) Remediation through Nanoscale Biomineral Engineering Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 2577–2584

3. Tc(VII) removal/reduction: column experiments Technetium (VII)Technetium (VII) –Radionuclide present in nuclear waste –Highly mobile (soluble) –Half-life 2.13 x 10 -5 years –Reduction to insoluble Tc(IV) is desirable Technetium 99m (Tc(VII)99m)Technetium 99m (Tc(VII)99m) –Metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 –Half life of 6.02 hours –commonly used as a medical radioisotope Gamma imaging camera Dr B Ellis and Dr R Lawson at Manchester Royal Infirmary

4. Remediation applications – metals Tc(VII) Column Tc(VII) removed from solution (%) commercial (C) 16.2 ferrihydrite magnetite (F) 77.9 schwertmannite magnetite (S) 97.8 14hrs3hrs40 mins0hrs C F S

5. Treatment of organics

6. NitrobenzeneAniline Nitrobenzene  Aniline

7. Commercial vs bionanomagnetite

8. Novel magnetically-supported catalysts Magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst, advantages vs conventional materials Tested for a range of catalytic reactions including “Heck coupling” Other catalytic coatings including Au(0) and TiO 2 Simple two-step synthesis Nano-scale particles of catalytically active Pd(0) on magnetic “bionanomagnetite” support Characterized using TEM, XPS, XRD, EXAFS and XMCD Pd magnetite ACS Nano In Press

9. Reduction of nitrobenzene using palladised nano- scale biogenic magnetites: Multiple injections

10. Reduction of TCE using nano-scale biogenic magnetite

11. Reduction of TCE using 5% palladised nano-scale biogenic magnetite and formate

12. Selenium reduction and the production of biogenic quantum dots combining bioremediation & production of high value products?

13. Selenite Selenium Cadmium Selenide Microbially-Mediated Processes – Se Reduction Pearce et al. (2008) Nanotechnology. 19, pp. 155603.

14. Controlling the size of biogenic quantum dots

15. Conclusions Metal-reducing bacteria offer potentially green route for the flexible synthesis of designer nano-materials Optimised production of biomagnetite for - remediation of metals and organics - magnetic applications - catalysis Also bioproduction of Se QDs Current/future work focuses on scaling up these processes for application in situ and ex situ, and an assessment of their bioremediation potential in situ

16. Financial support

17. Thank you! Manchester Vicky Coker (Fe) Rich Cutting (Fe) Neil Telling (Fe/XMCD) David Vaughan(Fe) Richard Pattrick (Fe/Se) Paul Wincott (Fe) Joyce McBeth (Tc) Richard Winpenny (Fe) Ernie Hill (Fe) Carolyn Pearce(selenides/Fe) Jon Fellows (selenides/Fe) Birmingham Lynne Macaskie, James Bennett, Joe Wood, Ian Shannon Daresbury/Diamond Gerrit van der Laan ETH Switzerland Thomas Hoffstetter New scale-up work CPI and PB