1. Teaching Today: An Introduction to Education 7 th edition Part 3: Teaching and Assessing Chapter 8: Effective Instruction Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-1

2. What is effective instruction? “Of all the factors that affect academic performance, teachers have the most impact on their students’ school experiences.” (Parsley and Corcoran, 2003, p. 85) Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-3

3. Teacher Dispositions... Are the perceptions and attitudes that shape their behavior. Effective teachers have dispositions that “frame instruction in ways that allow learners to succeed academically, to develop appropriate social behaviors, and to become increasingly confident responders to sophisticated challenges.” (p. 199) Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-4

4. Active teaching... requires the teacher to serve as the: Presenter of new information Monitor of learner progress Planner of learning opportunities Re-teacher of content Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-5

5. Active Teachers... Match instruction to learners Engage in task analysis Break content into smaller components Identify good beginnings for instruction Specify learning intentions or objectives Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-6

6. Effective Teachers... Create stimulating and motivational lessons. Sequence lessons. Pace lessons appropriately for the learner group. Check for understanding during the lesson. Monitor learner progress (including moving around the classroom during instruction). Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-7

7. Constructivist Teaching... Seeks to: Develop metacognitive powers. Stimulate active engagement with content and others. Expects learners to: Control their own behavior. Take responsibility for their own learning. Construct their own knowledge and understanding. Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-8

8. Constructivist Teaching (cont.) May include techniques such as... Thinking aloud Visualizing thinking Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-9

9. Effective teachers... Demonstrate clarity In their verbal and nonverbal style In their lesson presentation structure In their proficiency in providing explanations Incorporate questioning techniques Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-10

10. How much homework is enough? What is the role of homework in learning? Can too much homework be detrimental to learning? In what ways? How would you go about determining how much homework to assign? Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-11

11. How much homework (cont.) What could a teacher do to gain support from parents for homework policies? LINK: Do you think that schools should consider other factors in the community, such as other activities, in making policies, or should the focus be entirely on what is best for education? Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-12

12. Homework guidelines Use the 10 minute rule—10 minutes multiplied by grade level. Know what you expect students to gain from doing homework. Use homework as one of several instructional strategies. Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-13

13. Becoming an effective teacher Learn through observation using... Narrative approaches Frequency counts Coding systems Seating chart systems Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-14

14. Remember: When you begin your career as a teacher, you will not have all the skills necessary to be as effective as you can be. Good teachers improve over time and progress through a series of developmental stages, from novice to expert. Systematic growth will require your own efforts... above all, a commitment to inquire into your own methodology. Armstrong, Henson, & Savage Teaching Today, 7 th Edition Copyright ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8-15