1. The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Julie Paone Period 3 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

2. Alternate energy Efficiency and economically priced Wastewater has 9.3 more energy in it than what’s being used to treat it. Microbial Fuel Cell http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/web_presentations/MFC-MECs-Bruce-Logan-1-2-08.pdf Need

3. Knowledge Base Any organic material can create electricity Two step process –Removal of electrons from organic matter (oxidation) –Giving the electrons to something that will accept them (reduction)(oxygen) The electrons flow to cathode and join with protons Voltage and current Logan, 2009 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2009-Logan-NatRevMicrobiol.pdf

4. Electrogenesis Process of converting food into energy Respiratory enzymes  ATP Terminal electron acceptor (TEA) Exogenously http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro1442_F2.html

5. Carbon Sources Food Source (substrate) Yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, and starch http://www.diabetes-support.com/Articles/understanding-diabetic-diet.htm

6. Glucose http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/04/Edible_electricity.asp C 6 H 12 O 6 used as an energy source in most organisms, from bacteria to humans

7. Fructose Simple monosaccharide Isomer of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Different structure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose

8. Sucrose Disaccharide (glucose and fructose) C 12 H 22 O 11 Table sugar http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sucrose_3Dprojection.png

9. Lactose Disaccharide (galactose and glucose fragments) Sugar in milk C 12 H 22 O 11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

10. Starch large number of glucose units joined together Most important carbohydrate in the human diet C 6 H 10 O 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

11. Construction Efficiency Cost Materials

12. Literature Review 1 Effect of carbon sources as the substrate Micrococcus luteus 11 carbon sources tested (yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and starch) Double chamber with PEM (Choi, et al. 2007)

13. Literature Review 2 (Logan, 2005) Electricity Generation from cystenine in a microbial fuel cell Cystenine (substrate) Double chamber MFC with PEM Tested to see if alone it could act as a food source Efficiency achieved is comparable to other substrates

14. Literature Review 3 In one equation, 1 molecule of glucose provides a maximum of 24 electrons. Bennetto, 1990 http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/materials/MICROBIOLOGY/PDF/bennetto.pdf

15. Literature Review 4 Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1 Cell voltage and current were used to calculate the power density (P=I/V). Xing, 2008 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2008-Xing-etal-ES&T.pdf

16. Purpose To determine whether a monosaccharide or disaccharide food source significantly affects the amount of voltage produced by e. coli in a Microbial Fuel Cell. The null hypothesis states that the type of food source will not significantly affect the voltage produced by bacteria. The alternate hypothesis states that the type of food source has a significant affect on the amount of voltage produced. Hypothesis

17. Methodology

18. Budget Total So Far: $61.53 *the carbon cloth will be the most expensive

19. Do ability Experiment was done last year Most materials are familiar Background in culturing Data collection was previously done Materials are accessible http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

20. Bibliography Choi, Youngjin, Eunkyoung Jung, Hyunjoo Park, Seunho Jung, Sunghyun Kim, Effect of Initial Carbon Sources on the Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Environmental Microorganism Micrococcus luteus. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007 Pp. 1591-1594 Bennetto, H. P., Electricity generation by microorganisms, National Centre for Biotechnology Education. Vol. 1, No.4, 1990 Pp. 163-168 Liu, Hong, Grot, Stephen, Logan, Bruce E., Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 39, 2005 Pp. 4317-4320 Logan, Bruce E. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nature Reviews, Microbiology, Vol. 7, May 2009 Pp. 375-381 Logan, Bruce E., Cassandro Murano, Keith Scott, Neil D. Gray, Ian M. Head, Electricity Generation from Cystenine in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Water Research, 2005 Pp. 942-952 Logan, B.E., Microbial Fuel Cells, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, New Jersey, 2008. Macdonald, Averil and Berry, Martyn, Science through Hydrogen: Clean Energy for the Future, Heliocentris energiesysteme, 2004. Pp. 74, 80 Melis, Anastasios, Green Alga Hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Xing, Defeng, Zuo, Yi, Cheng, Shaoan, Regan, John M., Logan, Bruce E. Electricity Generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 42, No. 11, 2008 Pp. 4146-4145