1. Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals PGCC CHM 101 Sinex

2. Illustrating hybridization Shockwave animation of hybridization click here Chime site with atomic and hybrid orbitals click here Now let’s make some bonds!

3. hybrid orbitals – sp, sp 2, or sp 3

6. formation of  bond

7. remaining p orbitals from sp or sp 2  bond

10. formation of  bond Planar molecule (each carbon is trigonal planar) with  cloud above and below the plane  bond hinders rotation about the carbon-to- carbon bond

11. Bond formation from hybridization Single bond - sigma bond Double bond – sigma bond + pi bond Triple bond – sigma bond + pi bond + pi bond How are the two pi bonds in the triple bond oriented? end-to-end side-to-side

12. How about the electron density around a carbon-carbon bond? C2H6C2H6 C2H4C2H4 C2H2C2H2 single bonddouble bondtriple bond Spartan 02 Polar or Non-polar H + attack?

13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 What is the hybridization in each carbon atom? sp 3 – 2, 5 tetrahedral sp 2 – 1, 3, 4 trigonal planar sp – 6, 7 linear

14. What is the hybridization in each carbon atom? 1 2 3 4

15. Draw the Lewis dot structure – C 3 H 4 Remember to chain the carbon atoms and fill the octet of the center carbon atom in the chain first. You should have come up with one of these structures: H:C:C:::C:H H H.. C::C::C H H.. H H Build the molecular model.

16. Allene, H 2 C=C=CH 2 The  clouds of the two double bonds are oriented perpendicular to each other. Hence the hydrogens are turned 90 o. The is due to the original orientation of the p orbitals on the center carbon atom. What is the hybridization? Spartan 02