1. Presenting Data

2. Make a data table Your data table should include
Descriptive title that includes both the independent & dependent variable
Labels & Units for all Columns and rows
NO units in raw data
Repeated Trials
Data should all have the small number of decimal places.
Averages
Standard deviations

3. Oxygen Gas Production (ppm)
Example Table
Oxygen Gas Production (ppm)
Uncertainty 0.+/-001ppm
Low Light Intensity
Medium Light
High Light
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
Standard Deviation
10.55
30.33
15.00

4. Thickness (mm) of shells of the snail Littorina obtusata
Habitat
Thickness (mm) of shells of the snail Littorina obtusata
Mean
Standard deviation
With Crabs
1.02
0.88
0.75
0.83
0.86
0.93
0.91
1.05
Without Crabs
0.71
0.78
0.55
0.33
0.36
0.82
0.62
0.54
0.5675

5. Graphing Data All Graphs need a descriptive Title
Label both axes with SI units if appropriate. NO NAKED NUMBERS.
Axes should have an appropriate scale, decided by the highest and lowest number.
Independent Variable belongs on the X-axis
Dependent Variable belongs on the Y-axis.

6. Types of Graphs: Bar Graphs Line Graphs X & Y Scatter Plot Graphs
Pie Charts
Histograms

7. Bar Graphs Bar graphs are designed to make comparisons of data.
The data represented in bar graphs are not necessarily dependent on any other variables and the groupings are usually qualitative.
These are best used to show numeric data that represent discrete items or experiments.
Bars imply that there are no intermediate values.

8. Bar Graph

9. Bar graph example

10. Line Graphs Track a Change over time
Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time.
Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group.

11. Line Graph Example
Notice that time is always on the X-axis

12. X-Y Scatter Plot
Shows the relationship between two measured variables as a scatter of individual points, each representing an item with its position determined along the X and Y axes by its values for the two variables.
. The points of a scatterplot are never connected by lines, but instead a regression line/ best fit line is often plotted, showing how one measurement varies in relation to the other

13. X-Y Scatter Plot
This could be comparing the diameter of a tree compare to the length of a tree

14. Pie Charts
Pie charts are designed to show a percent of a whole, where the whole equals 100%.