1. Psychology Perception May 16, 2008

2. Focusing on 5 personality theories. Psychodynamic (done last week) Humanistic Behavioral Trait Social Cognitive Psychodynamic (done last week) Humanistic Behavioral Trait Social Cognitive

3. Humanistic 2 theorists: Rogers and Maslow Background: belief that each individual is unique with their differences. 2 theorists: Rogers and Maslow Background: belief that each individual is unique with their differences.

4. Carl Rogers People are rational Stressing the importance of conscious level to relation to rationality. Coined the term: Unconditional Positive Regard People are rational Stressing the importance of conscious level to relation to rationality. Coined the term: Unconditional Positive Regard

5. Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR) Suggest that individual differences must be accepted. UPR consists of acceptance, warmth, and any that could lead to positive self-regards / to make he or she feels good about him or herself. Suggest that individual differences must be accepted. UPR consists of acceptance, warmth, and any that could lead to positive self-regards / to make he or she feels good about him or herself.

6. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs and the striving for self-actualization.

7. Psychological Needs Safety Needs Belongingness Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualization

8. Behavioral According to Behaviorists: BF Skinner, John Watson, personality is not observable because it’s unseen. Behaviorists believe that our behaviors are influenced by our environment and surroundings. According to Behaviorists: BF Skinner, John Watson, personality is not observable because it’s unseen. Behaviorists believe that our behaviors are influenced by our environment and surroundings.

9. Why theories of Behavior are included for explaining Personality? What’s the connection?

10. Trait Difference of Characteristic Trait theorists view personality as consistent pattern of thought, feeling, and behavior that last quite some time and situations. We’ll discuss: Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck. Trait theorists view personality as consistent pattern of thought, feeling, and behavior that last quite some time and situations. We’ll discuss: Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck.

11. Allport (1897-1967) Cardinal Trait: all-consuming characteristic that guides behavior. I.e: Power Central Trait: one that influences behavior. I.e: Integrity, sense of respect. Secondary Trait: Attitudes or Preferences. Cardinal Trait: all-consuming characteristic that guides behavior. I.e: Power Central Trait: one that influences behavior. I.e: Integrity, sense of respect. Secondary Trait: Attitudes or Preferences.

12. Eysenck (1916-1997) Personality Dimensions Extraversion - Introversion (E- I) Neuroticism - Emotional Stability (N-ES) Psychoticism - Impulse Control (P-IC) Extraversion - Introversion (E- I) Neuroticism - Emotional Stability (N-ES) Psychoticism - Impulse Control (P-IC)

13. E-I Extraversion: outgoing, social, open, focus on others. Introversion: focus on self, thoughts and feelings, rather shy. Extraversion: outgoing, social, open, focus on others. Introversion: focus on self, thoughts and feelings, rather shy.

14. N-EI Neuroticism: Difficult to control emotions > anxious, low self- esteem. Emotional Stability: Demonstrate control of emotion > calm. Neuroticism: Difficult to control emotions > anxious, low self- esteem. Emotional Stability: Demonstrate control of emotion > calm.

15. P-IC Psychoticism: Difficult with impulse control > uncooperative, insensitive. Impulse Control: Demonstrate control of impulse > warm, helpful. Psychoticism: Difficult with impulse control > uncooperative, insensitive. Impulse Control: Demonstrate control of impulse > warm, helpful.

16. 5 Factor Model of Personality by Robert McRae and Paul Costa Extroversion - talkative, active, confident, optimistic, sociable. Agreeableness - generous, accommodating, warm, considerate, sympathetic. Conscientiousness - competent, organized, consistent, responsible, ethical. Emotional Stability - calm, even-tempered, not emotional, good manner. Openness - introspective, deep, insightful, creative, sophisticated. Extroversion - talkative, active, confident, optimistic, sociable. Agreeableness - generous, accommodating, warm, considerate, sympathetic. Conscientiousness - competent, organized, consistent, responsible, ethical. Emotional Stability - calm, even-tempered, not emotional, good manner. Openness - introspective, deep, insightful, creative, sophisticated.

17. Social Cognitive Emphasize on the role of environment, social influence, and cognition on personality development.

18. Julian Rotter (1916) Consider locus control in relation with personality. 2 types of locus control Locus: particular position / place. Consider locus control in relation with personality. 2 types of locus control Locus: particular position / place.

19. 2 Types of Locus Control Internal: we believe that we receive reinforcement (support) as a result of our own behavior. I.e: Salary increase caused by having overtime. External: Receiving reinforcement as a result of something apart from ourselves, out of our control. I.e: Salary increase as Government regulation about minimum labor wage. Internal: we believe that we receive reinforcement (support) as a result of our own behavior. I.e: Salary increase caused by having overtime. External: Receiving reinforcement as a result of something apart from ourselves, out of our control. I.e: Salary increase as Government regulation about minimum labor wage.