1. 1 ARE 306 Unit 12 Real Property Rights, Limitations & Taxation

2. 2 Easements l Types Easement appurtenant dominant tenement/servient tenement Runs with land Easement in gross No dominant tenement Personal

3. 3 Creation of easements l Express grant in a deed l Reservation in a deed l By prescription (7 or 20 years) l Implied easements l Statutory cartway proceeding

4. 4 Covenants running with the land l Express (restrictive) l Implied

5. 5 Zoning and land use controls l Municipal Extra territorial l County Ag exemption l Voluntary agricultural districts

6. 6 Taxation l Obligation Tax foreclosures l Use valuation

7. 7 Use value taxation l Assessed at current use l Eligible land Agricultural - 10 or more acres Horticultural - 5 or more acres Forest land - 20 or more acres

8. 8 Use value taxation l $1,000 gross income for 3 years (except forest land) l 3 year recapture upon conversion

9. 9 Adverse Possession l Elements Actual Open & notorious Hostile Continuous (tacking) Exclusive possession under claim of right for statutory period

10. 10 Adverse Possession l Private land 20 years - claim of right 7 years - color of title l State land 30 years - claim of right 21 years - color of title l Never Public trust land Roads, canals, etc. Federal land Torrens system (cf., betterments)

11. 11 Adverse Possession l Policy Encourage full use of property Settle boundary disputes

12. 12 Eminent domain