1. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 1 HON-3230 Chance, Emergence or Design Origin of Habitable Planet

2. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 2 Uniqueness of Carbon Desire for 4 bonds –Basis for 3-D structures –More variety in types of bonds to one atom. Stronger bonds than Si Greatest variety in carbon chemistry at temperatures where water is liquid. Tetrahedron

3. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 3 Uniqueness of Water Requires a lot of heat to warm it. Conducts heat better than most liquids. High surface tension allows biochemical reactions to occur more rapidly. Solid form is less dense than its liquid form.

4. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 4 Unity and Diversity Unity –All interactions involve forces –Energy is basis of all activity Diversity –Limited number of basic particles –Complexity arises from variations on how groups of particles interact. Hope for a Theory of Everything (TOE)

5. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 5 Unique Universe Inflation - Flat Universe Smolin - Evolving universes

6. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 6 Drake Equation Probability of contacting intelligent life f p - planetsn e - habitablef l - life f i - intelligencef c - communication Carl Sagan –Over 1 million civilizations/galaxy Ward and Brownlee f pm - metal richf me - mass extinctions

7. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 7 Crustal Plates Recycle sediments on ocean floor Magnetic field from molten core Atmosphere from outgassing Water from comets

8. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 8 Unique Earth Water present in 3 phases Ozone Nitrogen atmosphere Bound Carbon Oxygen present Probability –10 69 to 1

9. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 9 Habitable Zone Stable sun Appropriate distance Nearly circular orbit Obliquity stabilization by moon Eq. N.P. Sun S.P.

10. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 10 Search for Life Europa Mars Arecibo Halley Titan

11. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 11 Anthropic Principle If conditions weren’t right for intelligent life to form, then no life would exist to ponder the question of its existence. Barrow and Tipler –There exists one possible Universe 'designed' with the goal of generating and sustaining 'observers'. Or... –An ensemble of other different universes is necessary for the existence of our Universe (which may be related to the “Many Worlds” interpretation of quantum mechanics).

12. Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 12 Answers? Panspermia Lonely Universe

13. Paper #2 Is the exploration of Mars worth the investment? –See LA Times article Write a 5 minute speech. –~650 words (~1 ½ pages single spaced) –May focus the thesis tighter than this. –Gather some of your own facts –Consider Argument/Support/Organization/Tone Steven Gollmer Cedarville University Fit Planet: Page 13