1. This is nowadays known as
Ausubel’s major principle about learning theory: “If I had to reduce all of educational psychology to just one principle, I would say this: the most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly.” (Ausubel,1968: Epigraph).
This is nowadays known as
ADVANCE ORGANISERS

2. Meaningful learning is Well organised relevant knowledge structures
Emotional commitment to integrate new with
existing knowledge.
Rote learning is
Little or no relevant knowledge
No emotional commitment to relate new with
existing relevant knowledge.
Rote learning Meaningful learning
Creativity results from high levels of meaningful learning

3. Meaningful learning requires 3 conditions:
The material to be learned must be conceptually clear and
presented with language and examples relatable to the
learner’s prior knowledge.
The learner must possess relevant prior knowledge
The learner must choose to learn meaningfully – (motivation)
The indirect control over this choice lies primarily in:
instructional strategies used and
the evaluation strategies used

4. Instructional strategies that build on prior
knowledge so that it makes sense to
the learner
evaluation strategies which encourage
learners to relate ideas they possess with
new ideas. Unlike the short answer or
objective answer questions which call
for recall.

5. CONCEPT MAPS Facilitate organisation and representation of knowledge.
Effective in identifying both valid and invalid ideas held by learners.
Promotes learner autonomy
Promotes metacognition
Promotes constructivist teaching
Are presented as a personal or collaborative creation & reflection whilst empowering learners to be actively involved in their own learning.
Reveal that learning is continuous and never ending
Discuss Concept Maps. First concept map displays prior knowledge, while the second concept map displays the new knowledge constructed and how it was integrated within prior knowledge. In this way it can be clearly revealed that concept maps are powerful metacognitive tools which may be presented both as a personal or collaborative creation and reflection.

6. A Mind Map