1. + OLH Unit 1 Introduction

2. + Words to Master ant ī qua, adj., ancient, old (antique) et, conj., and; et…et, both…and l ā ta, adj., broad, wide (latitude) lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist) m ā gna, adj., large, great (magnitude) multa, adj., much; pl., many (multitude) n ō n, adv., not (nonentity) puella, -ae, f., “girl” pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude) sed, conj., but via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct) villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)

3. + Sentence Patterns Via est (is) via R ō m ā na (Roman). Via R ō m ā na n ō n est l ā ta. Via R ō m ā na n ō n est l ā ta sed est pulchra. Viae R ō m ā nae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt ant ī quae. Multae villae R ō m ā nae sunt magnae et pulchrae. Lingua R ō m ā na est ant ī qua et pulchra. Viae et villae et puellae R ō m ā nae sunt pulchrae.

4. + The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse. The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful. Many farmhouses are broad and large. The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful. The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.

5. + The Genitive Case The possessive case In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter -s, used as either as –’s or –s’ the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular) the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)

6. + Possessive Adjectives mea: my tua: your (sing.) nostra: our vestra: your (pl.)

7. + Person, Number, and Gender Person 1 st Person: I, we 2 nd Person: you 3 rd Person: he, she, it, they Number Singular (1) Plural (more than 1) Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter

8. + Words to Master domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady” f ē mina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine) incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony) ī nsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate) l ī bera, adj. “free” (liberate) paene, adv. “almost”; paen ī nsula, -ae, f. “peninsula” parva, adj., “small, little” patria, -ae, f., “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate) -que, conj. “and” r ē g ī na, -ae, f. “queen” serva, -ae, f., “female slave, handmaid” (servile) terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)

9. + Sentence Patterns Am ē rica, patria nostra, est terra l ī bera m ā gnaque. Hibernia, terra l ī bera, est ī nsula parva sed pulchra. Ī nsula tua, Ō R ē g ī na, est pulchra et l ī bera! Domina est incola Ī taliae; m ā gnae paen ī nsulae. Patria mea est paen ī nsula; patria tua n ō n est paen ī nsula.

10. + Homework: Translate into Latin The inhabitants of America are free. Beautiful Italy is almost an island. Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula. The women of our native land are beautiful. O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.

11. + Verbs A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin sentence It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject Linking Verbs Do not express feeling or action Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the predicate *Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS nominative and agree with the subject Action Verbs Express action Agreement A verb must agree with its subject in person (1 st /2 nd /3 rd ) and number (singular/plural)

12. + Personal Endings SingularPlural 1 st Person- ō or -m (I)-mus (we) 2 nd Person-s (you-s)-tis (you-pl) 3 rd Person-t (he/she/it)-nt (they)

13. + Conjugation of the verb SUM “to be”

14. + SUM facts about SUM Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate noun or adjective with the subject The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and usually in gender and number The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula. E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America are large.

15. + The Ablative Case Used with certain prepositions, mostly “with, from, by, or in.” Ablative of Place Where Used when a noun is in the ablative case with the preposition in E.g., R ōma in Ītaliā est. Rome is in Italy.

16. + Practice Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__. Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__. Vit__ mea in silv__ magn ā est libera. Non sum puell__ parv__. Estis amicae nostr__. Sum fili__ laeta agricol__. Es quoque amic__ naut__. In cas__ sunt multae serv__.

17. + Origins of Roman Mythology Numina: spirits attributed to all forces of nature, whether good or bad Images of numina created and worshipped Priest led rites of worship Augurs: watched the flights of birds with studied care Haruspices: examined the entrails of animals in order to interpret omens

18. + Practice Patterns The queen is beautiful. You are not little girls. We are farmers. I am happy in my hut. It is not a peninsula. Italy is a beautiful country. There are many large islands. We are not slaves but free. You (sing.) are happy in your hut. It is a large hut in the forest.

19. + Ablative Case; Ablative of Place Where

20. + Practice Patterns In Amēricā vīta est laeta. Rōmae sunt multae viae. Agricolae in silvīs nōn sunt. In īnsulā fēminae pulchrae multaeque sunt. Athēnīs sunt servae. Amīca mea est in casā.

21. + Practice Patterns The girls are in the cottage. Athens is in Greece. On the island are many sailors. They live in Athens. The women are in the forest. My friends live in Rome.

22. + Words to Master agricola, -ae, m. farmer (agriculture) amīca, -ae, f. friend (amicable) casa, -ae, f. cottage, hut (casino) cum, prep. with abl., with, together, with fīlia, -ae, f., daughter; dat. and abl., fīliābus (filial) in, prep. with abl., in, on; with acc., into, to, against laeta, adj., happy, glad, joyful laetitia, -ae, f., joy nauta, -ae, m., sailor (nautical) prōvincia, -ae, f., province (provincial) quoque, conj. also (never stands first in clause) silva, -ae, f., forest, woods (sylvan) vīta, -ae, f. life (vital)

23. + Voice, Mood, and Tense Voice: the way of speaking that shows whether The subject performs the action (ACTIVE) The girl loves. The subject receives the action (PASSIVE) The girl is loved. Mood: the manner of expressing the action of the verb as a Fact (INDICATIVE) Command (IMPERATIVE) Wish (SUBJUNCTIVE) Tense: tells time There are 6 tenses in the indicative mood in both Latin and English

24. + Present Tense (1) Simple present: I call = vocō (2) Progressive present: = I am calling = vocō (3) Emphatic present: I do call = vocō

25. + 1 st Conjugation

26. + Practice Conjugate the following verbs (1/person): amō, amāre: love, like ambulō, ambulāre: walk curō, curare: take care of habitō, habitāre: live, dwell laudō, laudāre: praise portō, portāre: carry spectō, spectāre: look at vocō, vocāre: call

27. + Homework Vocabulary quiz Thursday Latin Club Thursday Complete p. 21, Ex. B

28. + Words to Master ad, prep. with acc., to, toward, near ambulō (1) walk, march (perambulator) amō (1) love, like (amiable) bona, adj. good (bonus) bene, adv. well (benefactor) cūra, -ae, f. care (cure) cūrō (1), take care of (curator) habitō (1), live, dwell (habitation) laudō (1) praise (laud) misera, adj., wretched, unhappy, unfortunate (miserable) portō (1) carry (portable) spectō (1) look at, watch (spectator) vocō (1) call, summon (vocation)

29. + The Dative Case The indirect object The noun or pronoun to or for whom something is given, shown, or said The lady gives a rose to the slave. The lady gives the slave a rose.

30. + Ways of expressing “TO” in Latin (1) with the infinitive to call (voc ā re) (2) with the indirect object to the slave (servae) (3) after verbs of motion toward to the hut (ad casam)

31. + The Dative Case Endings

32. + The First Declension

33. + Words to Master alba (adj.) white (album) cāra (adj.) dear (caress) dē (prep with abl.) down from, concerning, about dō (1) irreg. give (data) ē, ex (prep. with abl.) out of, from fābula, -ae, f. story, tale (fable) narrō (1) tell, narrate (narrator) nāvigō (1) sail, sail over (navigate) pecūnia, -ae, f. money (pecuniary) poēta, -ae, m. poet prope (prep. with acc.) near; adv., nearly, almost propinqua (adj.) near, nearby; with dat., near to (propinquity) rogō (1) with two accusatives, ask, ask for, inquire (rogation)