1. Vegetation distribution of China and its responses to climate change Ensheng Weng

2. Geographic features of China

3. Summer circulation Tibetan Plateau plays a critical role South-west monsoon South-east monsoon Westerly jet

4. Winter circulation Tibetan Plateau plays a critical role Westerly jet Tibetan cold high Siberia-Mongolian cold high

5. Climate of China

6. T (Jan.) T (Jul.)

7. Climate-Vegetation Relationships Climate determines vegetation distribution Precipitation and temperature are two key factors from Whittaker, 1975

8. Vegetation of China Wu, CY, 1980. Vegetation of China

9. Vegetation of China Wu, CY, 1980. Vegetation of China Tropical forest Sub-Tropical forest Temperate forest Mixed forest Taiga - +

10. Vegetation of China Wu, CY, 1980. Vegetation of China ForestMeadowsteppeTypicalsteppeDesertsteppeDesert +-

11. Vegetation of China Wu, CY, 1980. Vegetation of China Conifer forests Alpine meadows Alpine steppes Alpine deserts

12. Vegetation of China Wu, CY, 1980. Vegetation of China Conifer forests Alpine meadows Alpine steppes Alpine deserts ForestMeadowsteppeTypicalsteppeDesertsteppeDesert +- Tropical forest Sub-Tropical forest Temperate forest Mixed forest Taiga - +

13. How it response to climate change Changes of Temperature in past 50 years Northern area Central China Changes of Precipitation in past 50 years

14. Scenarios at the end of 21 st century CO 2 SRES-A2 CO 2 SRES-B2

15. BIOME model Defined 14 plant functional types (PFTs); Assigned a climatic envelope for every PFT; porsposed a rule to regulate the co-exist of PFTs; Biomes (vegetation types) are the combinations of PFTs.

16. BIOME model

18. Calibration Simulated map from original parameters the boundary between forests and steppes forests shift southwards

19. Calibration Priestley-Taylor coefficient

20. Calibration Temperature of January

21. Calibration The same PFTs occur in the colder and dryer areas

22. The results from new parameters Kappa=0.67

23. Response of vegetation distribution to climate change CO 2 SRES-A2CO 2 SRES-B2

24. Vulnerable areas Northern China Southwestern China Tibetan Plateau

25. Effects on Human being Desertification Deforestation

26. Thank you!