3. Order of Speeches Time (minutes) Abbreviati on SpeechDescription 3-4ACAffirmative ConstructiveThe Affirmative (almost always) reads a pre-written case. 2CXCross ExaminationThe Negative asks the Affirmative questions. 4-5 NC (1NR) Negative Constructive (and first negative Rebuttal) The Negative (almost always) reads a pre-written case and (almost always) moves on to address the Affirmative's case. 2CXCross ExaminationThe Affirmative asks the Negative questions. 2-31ARFirst Affirmative Rebuttal The Affirmative addresses both his/her opponent's case and his/her own. 4-5 NR (2NR) The Negative Rebuttal The Negative addresses the arguments of the previous speech and summarizes the round for the judge. 2-32AR The Second Affirmative Rebuttal The Affirmative addresses the arguments of the previous speech and summarizes the round for the judge.

4. The Resolution Policy ResolutionLD Resolution The federal government should establish a policy to significantly decrease juvenile crime in the US. Violent juvenile offenders ought to be treated as adults in the criminal justice system. The federal government should adopt a nationwide policy to decrease overcrowding in prisons and jails in the United States. The American criminal justice system ought to place a higher priority on retribution than on rehabilitation. The US federal government should significantly increase protection of privacy in the US in one or more of the following areas: employment, medical records, consumer information, search and seizure When in conflict, the safety of others is of greater value than the right to privacy of those with infectious diseases.

5. The Resolution Resolved: The United States has a moral obligation to promote just governance in developing nations. (NCFL Nationals 2011) Resolved: The United States is justified in using private military firms abroad to pursue its military objectives. (March/April 2011) Resolved: In the U.S. juveniles charged with violent felonies ought to be treated as adults in the criminal justice system. (January/February 2011) Resolved: The abuse of illegal drugs ought to be treated as a matter of public health, not of criminal justice. (November/December 2010)

6. The Case I. Engage With an Attention-Getter. II. Provide a Resolution Analysis. III. Offer Definitions. IV. Propose a Value. V. Offer a Criterion. VI.Present Contention 1. a.Claim b.Warrant c.Evidence d.Impact VII. Present Contention 2. VIII. Present Contention 3. IX. End the Speech with a Solid Conclusion.

7. The Values and Criterion Value – how the topic should be judged, a broad concept, used to explain the importance of the arguments Criterion – how to use the value, the reasons, defines the value FreedomMoralityAcceptanceQuality of Life JusticeFamilySocial GoodSocial Progress BeautyPeaceIndividualismLiberty

8. Public heath concerns justify required immunizations. In a democratic society, felons ought to retain the right to vote. A just society ought to not use the death penalty as a form of punishment. When in conflict, an individual’s freedom of speech should be valued above a community’s moral standards. The government should protect the environment before promoting economic development. Civil disobedience in a democracy is morally justified. Establishing a safe educational environment in grades K-12 justifies infringement of students’ civil liberties. Possession of nuclear weapons is immoral. Human genetic engineering is morally justified. An adolescent’s right to privacy ought to be valued above a parent’s conflicting right to know. Terminally ill patients have the right to die when and how they choose. Showing disrespect for the American flag is ant-ethical to fundamental American values. Development of natural resources should take priority over the protection of the environment. The protection of public safety justifies random, mandatory drug testing throughout society. All citizens have the responsibility to serve their government.