1. Biological and Social Motives
Chapter 12, Section 2

2. Biological Motives Some behavior is determined by physiological needs.
Biological needs are critical to survival.
Eating is both psychological and biological.

3. Hunger Lateral hypothalamus (LH)/Ventromedial hypothalamus (VH).
Glucostatic Theory:
Hypothalamus monitors the amount of glucose available in the blood.
LH fires to stimulate eating.
Pancreas releases insulin.
After eating, pancreas releases glucagon.

4. Hunger, (cont’d)
Set-Point: Fluctuations in your weight from day to day. Your body maintains a stable weight.
Psychosocial hunger factors:
External cues
Can contribute to eating disorders or emotional eating.

5. Social Motives
Achievement motive: The desire to set challenging goals and to persist in trying to reach them, despite obstacles, frustrations, and setbacks.
Fear of Failure: Choose easy tasks offering assured success or impossible tasks with no chance of success.
People motivated by a fear of failure often find excuses to explain their poor performances in order to maintain a good self-image.

6. Social Motives, (cont’d)
Fear of Success: People believe that being successful in all but a few careers is unlikely.
Smart women experience this more, but men do experience it.
Expectancy-value: Expectancy is the estimated likelihood of success; value is what the goal is worth.
Competency theory: If a task is too easy or too hard, we don’t learn how competent we are.