1. Voice and Video over IP

2. Topics
Use Terminology specific to converged networks
Explain VoIP
Explain video over IP
Describe VoIP and video over IP signaling and transport protocols
Understand QoS

3. Terminology IP telephony: VoATM: VoDSL: FoIP: Video Conferencing
Carries VoIP over TCP/IP network.
VoATM:
When using VoIP over an ATM network.
VoDSL:
When using VoIP over a DSL network
FoIP:
Fax using TCP/IP network.
Video Conferencing
Streaming video
Webcasts
IPTV

4. VoIP Applications and Interfaces
Advantages:
Lower costs
New or enhanced features and applications
Centralize voice and data network management

5. Works like a dial up connection.
Analog Telephones
Works like a dial up connection.
Signals must be converted from digital to analog.
One way is using a ATA (analog telephone adapter).
Second way is connecting an analog telephone to a switch, router, or gateway capable of accepting analog voice signals, converting them into packets.

6. Analog Telephones
Third is an analog-to-digital voice conversion device (IP-PBX).
Fourth is the traditional phone connection to an analog PBX.
Vonage

7. Softphones
Internet phones
Magic Jack
Skype

8. Video over IP Applications and Interfaces
Cisco Systems, the largest supplier of networking hardware, estimates that by 2011, 60% of the traffic carried by the Internet will be video traffic.
Three Categories:
Streaming video
IPTV
Videoconferencing

9. Two ways of providing this:
Streaming Video
YouTube is an example
Two ways of providing this:
Video-on-demand
Live streaming video
Examples of both Public and Private.
YouTube videos
TV episodes on Hulu.com
Nov. 29, 2014

10. Best example of this is Telus TV. Set Top Boxes:
IPTV
Best example of this is Telus TV.
Set Top Boxes:
Google TV
HD IPTV Nuclius
Boxiee
Celrun

11. This now provides a means of interaction.
Videoconferencing
This now provides a means of interaction.
Telemedicine
Tele-education
Judicial proceedings
Surveillance

12. Some functions performed include:
Signaling Protocols
Some functions performed include:
Requesting a call
Locating clients
Acknowledging a request
Managing ringing, dial tone, call waiting
Detecting and reestablishing dropped calls
Properly terminating a call

13. H.323
ITU standard that describes an architecture and a group of protocols for establishing and managing multimedia sessions on a packet-switched network.
Key elements include:
Terminal
Gateway
Gatekeeper (the nerve centre)
MCU (multipoint control unit)
Zone

14. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
A protocol that performs functions similar to those performed by H.323
Modeled on the HTTP protocol.
SIP’s capabilities are:
Determining the location of an endpoint.
Determining the availability of an endpoint.
Establishing a session between the endpoints
Negotiating features of a call
Changing features of a call

15. Transport Protocols RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)
RFC1889, at the application layer relies on UDP at the transport layer.
RTCP (Real-Time Transport Control Protocol)
RFC 3550, provides feedback on the quality of a call.
Although RTP and RTCP provide information about the packet order, loss, and delay, they cannot correct transmission flaws

16. QoS Assurance
This measures how well a network service matches its expected performance.
Three techniques standardized by IETF
RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
RFC 2205 a transport lay protocol
DiffServ (Differentiated Service)
Because of its simplicity and low overhead, it is better suited to large networks.
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
Contains information about where the router should forward the packets.