1. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects March 23, 2011

2. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Outline: Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Planning Guidance –DHS Planning Guidance (1 August 2008) –Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation, 2 nd Edition (June 2010) Infrastructure Effects –Cascading Effects impacting Communications –Continuity Policy

3. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects PLANNING GUIDANCE FOR RESPONSE TO NUCLEAR DETONATIONS

4. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2008/pdf/E8-17694.pdf

5. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects DHS Planning Guidance

6. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects DHS Planning Guidance

7. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation Express consideration of: Shelter and Evacuation Medical Care Population Monitoring & Decontamination Public Preparedness – Emergency Public Information 7

8. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Zoned Approach Light Damage (LD) Zone: Windows broken, mostly minor injuries that are highly survivable even without immediate medical care. Moderate Damage (MD) Zone: Significant building damage and rubble, downed utility poles, overturned automobiles, fires, many serious injuries. Early medical assistance can significantly improve number of survivors. Severe Damage Zone: Most buildings destroyed, hazards and radiation initially prevents entry into the area, low survivor likelihood

9. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Key Points to Zoned Approach 1. Save lives AND manage risks to responders. 2. Plan response from the outside in. 3. Train responders in basic radiation safety & measurement. 4. Focus early lifesaving actions in the moderate damage (MD) zone. 5. Within LD zone, initially focus on severe injuries only. 6. Within MD zone, response operations have many hazards. 7. Early medical response activities should focus on medical triage with full consideration of radiation dose minimization. 8. Response within the severe damage SD zone should not be attempted until radiation dose rates have dropped. 9. Response activities should be guided by lethal radiation hazards within the DF zone. 10. The most important mission in the DF zone is communicating protective action orders to the public..

10. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Key points to Zoned Approach (cont) 11. Urban search and rescue will be most effective in the MD zone, in non- radiologically contaminated areas. 12. Decontamination efforts should be limited to those locations that are absolutely necessary to use or occupy to enable life saving, including emergency infrastructure and infrastructure that might facilitate life saving (e.g., emergency gas line shutdown). 13. Decontamination of critical infrastructure should be initiated only when basic information becomes available regarding fallout distribution, current and projected radiation dose rates, and structural integrity of the elements to be decontaminated. 14. Standard health physics instruments and alternative radiation detection systems can be used to enhance detection capabilities. 15. All radiation detection systems should be used within their functional limits and design specifications.

11. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Dangerous Fallout Dangerous Fallout is delimited by a 10R/h line. Descends within 24 hours. Footprint is generally defined within one to two hours Varies by yield, winds, weather, detonation altitude/depth. The 7-10 Rule: For every sevenfold increase in time, there is a tenfold decrease in radiation rate Note the relatively rapid retreat of the 10 R/h line over time.

12. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects The Radiation TReatment, TRansport, and TRiage (RTR) Concept

13. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects INFRASTRUCTURE EFFECTS

14. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Infrastructure Effects Direct Physical Effects –Blast –Thermal –EMP –Combined Effects Cascading Effects Human Effects

15. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Critical Infrastructure of Immediate Concern in Response Operations

16. Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Bridging the Gaps: Public Health and Radiation Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidance and Infrastructure Effects Synergy with Continuity Policies Continuity of Operations Capabilities –Support for National Essential Function 6 –Special Roles of Water, Power, and Communications Sectors –Healthcare and Public Health –Emergency Services Relationship to National Response Emergency Support Functions –ESF 2 Communications –ESF 3 Engineering and Public Works –ESF 10 Energy –ESF 14 Long Term Community Recovery