1. Chapter 17 Central Nervous System
The spinal cord
Brain
brain stem
cerebellum
diencephalon
telencephalon

2. the shape and sublobe of telencephalon
cerebral longitudinal fissure
telencephalon
frontal lobe
the shape and sublobe of
telencephalon
central sulcus
cerebral longitudinal fissure
corpus callosum
cerebral transverse fissure
central sulcus
parietooccipital sulcus
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
insular lobe
parietal lobe
parietooccipital sulcus
occipital lobe
central sulcus
parietal lobe
insular lobe, insula
frontal lobe
parietooccipital sulcus
occipital lobe
lateral sulcus
temporal lobe
temporal lobe

3. superolateral surface of hemisphere
frontal lobe：
anterior paracentral fissure
superior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal sulcus
precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
parietal lobe：
postcentral sulcus;
intraparietal sulcus
postcentral gyrus
superior parietal lobule
inferior parietal lobule
（supramarginal gyrus、angular gyrus）
temporal lobe：
superior temporal sulcus
Inferior temporal sulcus
superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus
transverse temporal gyri

4. postcentral gyrus
precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
postcentral sulcus
central sulcus
precentral sulcus
superior frontal sulcus
superior parietal lobule
middle frontal gyrus
intraparietal sulcus
inferior frontal sulcus
supramarginal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
lateral sulcus
superior temporal gyrus
superior temporal sulucs
angular gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
preoccipital incisure
inferior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal gyrus
parietooccipital sulcus

5. Hemispherical medial surface
paracentral lobule
corpus callosum
pseudoventricle
calcarine sulcus
cuneate lobe
lingual gyrussulcus hippocampi
cingulate gyrus

6. inferior view olfactory bulb olfactory tract olfactory triangle
anterior perforated substance
collateral sulcus
subiculum hippocampi
uncus
medial occipitotemporal gyrus
lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
dentate gyrus
Hippocampus
hippocampal formation

7. limbic lobe septal area cingulate gyrus Subiculum hippocampi uncus
hippocampus
dentate gyrus

8. functional localization of cerebral cortex
First somatic motor area
precentral gyrus,anterior part of paracentral lobule（4、6 area）
The efferenting fibers composed of pyramid tract, and carry out the administration of skeletal muscle movement.

9. First somatic sensory area
paracentral lobule,posterior part of paracentral lobule（3、1、2 area）

10. Visual area
the occipital cortex above or below the calcarine sulcus (17 area) 17

11. 4．auditory area
transverse temporal gyri（41、42 area）
5．area of equilibrium sense
the inferior extremity of postcentral gyrus
6．olfactory region
the medial part of uncus of parahippocampal gyrus and its vicinity
7．gustatory area
the inferior part of postcentral gyrus（43 area）
8．visceral motor center
limbic lobe

12. posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus－Broca area（44、45 area）
9.speech center
（1）motor speech center：
posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus－Broca area（44、45 area）
（2）writing area：
posterior part of middle frontal gyrus（ 8 area）
（3）auditory speech center：
posterior part of superior temporal gyrus（22 area）
（4）visual speech center（reading center）：
angular gyrus（39 area）
Wernicke area
visual speech center
cheirokinesthetic center
motor speech center
auditory speech center

13. telencephalic internal structure
caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
neostriatum
corpus striatum
putamen
1．basal nuclei
（1）corpus striatum
（2）claustrum
（3）amygdaloid body
globus pallidus—paleostriatum

14. 2. lateral cerebral ventricle
divide into four parts：
anterior horn
— extend to frontal lobe
posterior horn
— extend to occipital lobe
inferior horn
— extend to temporal lobe
central part
— lies in parietal lobe
Communicate with the third ventricle of cerebrum through left and right interventricular foramen.

15. 3．cerebral cortex
the gray matter covering on the surface of cerebral hemisphere

16. subregion：
52 areas can be divided according to Brodmann

17. Interhemispheric medulla
1、association fibers
①fasciculus uncinatus
②superior longitudinal fasciculus
③inferior longitudinal fasciculus
④cingule
superior longitudinal fasciculus
lentiform nucleus
archiform fibers
cingulum
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
uncinate fasciculus

18. corpus callosum：mouth,knee,trunk,splenium
2、commissural fibers
corpus callosum：mouth,knee,trunk,splenium
anterior commissure—link the temporal lobe of two sides
fornix,fornical commissure

19. 3、projection fibers Internal capsule
Locate between dorsal thalamus, caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus. The horizontal section assumes the shape of V to the outside.
anterior limb of internal capsule—frontal region
knee of internal capsule
posterior limb of internal capsule—occiput
thalamolentiform part
（between lentiform nucleus and thalamencephalon）
retrolentiform part
sublentiform part

20. （3） projection fibers of posterior limb of internal capsule
（1）projection fibers of anterior limb of internal capsule
frontopontile tract
anterior thalamic radiations
（2）projection fibers of knee of internal capsule
corticonuclear tract
（3） projection fibers of posterior limb of internal capsule
corticospinal tract
corticorubral tract
occipitotemporopontine tract
central thalamic radiations
optic radiation
acoustic radiation

21. The injury of one internal capsule can produce symptom of “three unsymmetrical” ：
1、the half body sensory deprivation of opposite side （the injury of central thalamic radiations）
2、contralateral hemiplegia（the injury of corticonuclear tract and corticospinal tract）
3、the half blindness of two visual field in the same side（the injury of optic radiation）

22. limbic system
limbic lobe：cingulate gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,uncus,hippocampus,dentate gyrus et al.
Subcortex structure：amygdaloid body,septal nuclei,hypothalamus,the anterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus et al.
function：
1、control visceral regulation, emotional reaction and sexual activity and so on.
2、hippocampus is related to memory.