1. 1 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 1 Bicycles: a vehicle for job creation? Gail Jennings MOBILITY gail@mobilitymagazine.co.za www.mobilitymagazine.co.za

2. 2 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 2 Less than 1% of people in cities ride as transport A sporting culture Minimal infrastructure Minimal bicycle touring High cost of bicycles Marginal commuter culture No bike share / minimal rental No manufacture / some assembly SA ’ s bicycle context

3. 3 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 3 15 million functional bicycles in existence Sales approx 300 000 a year Enormous variety of types Sport related (mainly road bicycles) 20% Leisure/touring/recreation (mountain bikes mainly) 35% Work/transport of goods 10% Commuting adults 10% Children 25% Bicycle ownership SA

4. 4 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 4 Manufacturing Assembly Touring / events Infrastructure / path building Maintenance Rental / bike share Poverty alleviation (reduced cost of transport) Areas of opportunity

5. 5 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 5 Baltimore Barcelona Portland Maine Wisconsin Colorado New UK study (Gross Bicycle Product) – London School of Economics International studies

6. 6 In brief More   SATC 11 Bike-share 6 Estimating the employment impacts of pedestrian, bicycle and road infrastructure Pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure projects create 11-14 jobs per USD 1 million of spending, while road infrastructure projects create approximately 7 jobs per USD 1 million of spending Industries that benefit from on-street bike lanes: construction; architectural, engineering and related services; employment services; food services; real estate, services to buildings and dwellings; wholesale trade businesses, management scientific and technical consulting services; accounting, tax preparation, book keeping and payroll services; legal services Baltimore

7. 7 In brief More   SATC 11 Bike-share 7 The Economic Benefits of Bicycling: tourism and events US Cities LocationNumber of jobs Wisconsin2 400 (direct) Colorado2519 (direct) City of Portland600-800 (direct)

8. 8 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 8 Creation of demand: Cycle to Work Scheme has resulted in over 400 000 people to date using tax incentive to ‘buy’ a bike Touring: 12 600 miles of the National Cycle Network in the UK – 1 700 Cycle Network jobs are estimated to be supported by cycling infrastructure (build and maintenance) UK

9. 9 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 9 3.7m bikes sold in 2010 208 million cycle journeys made in 2010- 1 Net addition of 1.3m new cyclists in 2010 200 000 people took part in events across the UK in 2010 22 000 people daily, sharing 5 000 hire bikes through the Barclays Cycle Hire in London UK - 2

10. 10 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 10 In 2010, gross cycling product (GCP) reached £230 per cyclist, per year If this growth trend continues, 1m additional cyclists could contribute £141m to the UK economy by 2013 while reducing absenteeism and improving the health 23 000 employed directly in cycling economy, generating over £500m in wages and £100m in taxes Cycling accessories = £853m a year UK - 3 Cycling Employment Summary 2010 Employment Sales20 000 Manufacturin g 900 Infrastructure2 515

11. 11 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 11 South Africa

12. 12 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 12 Demand in SA? Estimate 50 000 a year market to make manufacturing viable Shova Kalula: 72 000 of the proposed million bicycles delivered to date (over 10 year period) Three bicycle manufacturing plants be established in Gauteng, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (four- staged approach, by year 4, 100% local) Cost of local manufacture cannot compete with imports (China) but importation does not contribute towards local economic development? But increased USE of bicycles could… Manufacturing

13. 13 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 13 Two assembly plants in SA (Cape Town and PMB– Qhubeka) Import CKD from China 200 fulltime assemblers and admin staff 3 500 ‘treepreneurs’ (100 trees for a bike) and 1 000 waste-preneurs (1 500 kg for a bike) 3-person team assembles 20 bikes a week Assembly

14. 14 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 14 Increase in the number of visitors to an area that increases the likelihood of money being spent Attract people to visit a region or induce them to stay longer Money on food, accommodation, services, souvenirs, etc ‘Argus’ Cycle Tour 400 mil ZAR impact for the week Social development in the area (eg Sani2C, Imana Wild ride) Trails, tours,events

15. 15 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 15 700 km of footpaths (and bicycle) in Table Mountain National Park Used poverty alleviation funding Includes alien clearing 100 jobs over 4-5 years paths 1 000 jobs a year clearing Learn basics of path building Trail building

16. 16 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 16 No current accredited bicycle maintenance training No current industry recognised certification process or programme Establish outcomes and work with relevant SETA to develop programme Maintenance

17. 17 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 17 Low-tech About job-creation Helmets Indemnities Private owned High-tech No indemnities Credit card Pre-register About 2000 US per bike to implement Rentals and bike share

18. 18 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 18 A bicycle rental at one of Cape Town’s premier tourist destinations, the V&A Waterfront, was renting out one bicycle day, but needs to rent at least six a day to break even. ‘Not a single local has rented a bicycle.’

19. 19 In brief More   SATC 11 Bike-share 19 Cheaper options are disadvantaged by their excessive paperwork, the manual recording of customer information, the signing of indemnities, and the slow interface required between customer and attendant. This means that bike share isn’t the ‘personal rapid transit’ that makes it attractive elsewhere.’ Eric Britton, of the World City Bike Forum

20. 20 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 20 Informal bicycle share/rental Pedi-cabs Maintenance and sales of refurbished bicycles Bicycle taxis and ambulances Health-care workers Micro-enterprise

21. 21 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 21 Reduced cost of travel Increased ability to access employment and services Travel further in order to find employment Access to education and goods Independence and flexibility Poverty alleviation

22. 22 In brief More   GDS40 Green Transport 22 What do we know? Not much; paucity of research both in South Africa and elsewhere We know what has worked elsewhere, and it might not work here But we do know that increased use of bicycles WILL lead to local economic development, poverty alleviation and job creation, no matter the scale Create the demand, facilitate the opportunities, promote bicycle transport and bicycle travel… Concluding thoughts

23. 23 In brief More   JHB GDS 2040 Green Transport 23 Thank you for your time and interest.