1. STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY TRACKING IN BC Hydro EMS IMPLEMENTATION Dr. DJORDJE ATANACKOVIC, P.Eng. Engineering Team Leader, Power system Applications, Grid Operations Support

2. 2 STATE ESTIMATOR GENERAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS CONVERGENCE SUCCESS RATE OF 98% COST FUNCTION IN THE RANGE OF 8000 – 11000 (~2500 BUSES, 4000 ANALOG MEASUREMENTS) TOTAL GENERATION ERROR < 40 MW TOTAL INTERCHANGE ERROR < 10MW MAX. MW BUS MISMATCH < 50MW TOTAL LOAD ALLOCATION ERROR < 400MW

3. 3 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING – NEW INDICES TOTAL LOAD ALLOCATION ERROR TOTAL MW, MVAR LINE FLOW RESIDUAL PER MEASUREMENT TOTAL MW, MVAR INJECTION RESIDUAL PER MEASUREMENT TOTAL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT RESIDUAL PER MEASUREMENT

4. 4 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING TOTAL LOAD ALLOCATION ERROR CALCULATED AS A SUM OF LOAD RESIDUALS FOR ALL LOADS IN BC HYDRO AREA LOAD RESIDUAL IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ESTIMATED LOAD AND ALLOCATED LOAD BC HYDRO PERFORMANCE CRITERIA :  TOTAL LOAD ALLOCATION ERROR SHOULD NOT EXCEED 600 MW MAXIMUM  AVERAGE LOAD ALLOCATION ERROR OVER A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR SHOULD NOT EXCEED 400 MW

5. 5 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING TOTAL MW,MVAR LINE FLOW RESIDUAL PER MEASUREMENT CALCULATED AS A SUM OF MW/MVAR LINE FLOW RESIDUALS FOR ALL MEASUREMENTS IN THE CONSIDERED ZONE DIVIDED BY NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS THREE ZONES ARE USED FOR THIS TRACKING:  TRANSMISSION (230 KV AND ABOVE)  SUBTRANSMISSION (60 – 138KV)  DISTRIBUTION (BELOW 60 KV) BCTC PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR:  TRANSMISSION - BELOW 7 MW  SUBTRANSMISSION - BELOW 15 MW  DISTRIBUTION - BELOW 20 MW

6. 6 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING TOTAL MW,MVAR INJECTION RESIDUAL PER MEASUREMENT CALCULATED AS A SUM OF ALL INJECTION RESIDUALS IN A CONSIDERED ZONE DIVIDED BY NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS IN THE ZONE BCH PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR:  TRANSMISSION – BELOW 3 MW  SUBTRANSMISSION -BELOW 7 MW  DISTRIBUTION - BELOW 10 MW

7. 7 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING NORMALIZED RESIDUALS ENABLES RANKING OF MEASUREMENTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES (MW, MVAR, AMPS, KV) BASED ON A NORMALIZED INDEX BCH PERFORMANCE CRITERION:  NORMALIZED RESIDUAL GREATER THAN 10 UNITS INDICATES A MEASUREMENT OF A LOWER QUALITY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT : DOES NOT REFLECT ERRORS OF GENERATOR UNIT MEASUREMENT AND OTHER INJECTION MEASUREMENTS

8. 8 STATE ESTIMATOR QUALITY MONITORING CONSISTENCY OF VOLTAGE STABILITY REGION

9. 9 STATE ESTIMATOR PERFORMANCE TRACKING  TRACK SOLUTION QUALITY INDICES IN PI  IMPROVE ONLINE SEQUENCE DISPLAY TO INCLUDE ALERT SIGNALS (FLASHING APPLICATION STATUS BOXES)  MONITOR IMPACT ON OTHER APPLICATIONS E.G. VSA  PERFORM REGULAR REAL TIME TELEMETRY QUALITY ANALYSIS AND PRODUCE TELEMETRY QUALITY REPORTS  ISSUE TELEMETRY CALIBRATION REQUESTS  RTNET SOLUTION INVALIDATED IF QUALITY MEASURES OUTSIDE PERFORMANCE LIMITS

10. 10 BASIC QUALITY INDICES

11. 11 AVERAGE MEASUREMENT RESIDUALS

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17. 17 QUESTIONS?