1. Neutrino detectors
Basic features: 1) Very small cross-sections of interactions → very big volumes of
detectors
2) Very effective shielding → underground detectors, underwater,
under ice
Detector types: 1) Radiochemical detectors
2) Detectors of Cherenkov radiation
3) Scintillation detectors
4) Detectors based on neutrino scattering on electrons
Underwater neutrino detector
ANTARES
Neutrino detector KAMLAND at Japan
Kamiokande

2. Radiochemical detectors
For neutrinos with lower energy. Inverse beta decay process:
Measurement cycle: 1) Taking of data 2) Radiochemical analysis
Impossibility of neutrino energy
determination (only threshold)
For example: νe + 37Cl → 37Ar + e-
νe + 71Ga → 71Ge + e-
Scheme of gallium experiment – separation
of produced germanium
Chlorine experiment of R. Davise

3. Scintillation detector LSND
Detectors making use of scintillation or Cherenkov radiation
Vessel: 1) Walls are covered by photomultipliers
2) Filled by liquid (liquid scintillator)
Scintillation detector LSND
Kamoikande detector – Cherenkov phenomena
is used

4. Reaction of all neutrinos and antineutrinos: (liquid scintillator)
Heavy water – reaction of neutrinos with deuteron:
Reaction of only
electron
neutrinos:
Reaction of all neutrinos and antineutrinos:
Detector KAMLAND
(liquid scintillator)
Photomultiplier of
KAMLAND detector
Detector KAMLAND

5. IceCube (AMANDA) – neutrino detector under ice
200 TeV e candidate
Photomultipliers are sent
under ice
Detector set-up
built up on South pole
Detection of Cherenkov radiation produced by electrons, muons and tauons produced by reactions of high energy neutrinos

6. Proposal of HERON experiment
Neutrino scattering on electron
Possibility to detect also neutrinos with very low energy
Noise suppression → liquid helium (superfluid) → very low temperature (~ 10 mK)
Low neutrino energy ~ keV → low electron energy
Ionization, scintillation, phonons, rotons – are detected by sapphire or
silicon wafer – absorber → control of temperature
capture of „drifting electrons – „electron bubble“ in superfluid and
superconductive liquid moves in controlled
way in electric field
Microcalorimetry of very small temperature changes
Proposal of HERON experiment
(high of 6 m)