2.  Matter is anything that takes up space  Can you think of examples of matter?

3.  What IS mass?  Mass is the amount of material that an object has.

4.  Scientists answer questions by doing experiments  To do experiments/observations, scientists need tools

5. Put your name on a piece of paper and number it from 1 through 6 and try to name each of these scientific tools and what you think they do.

6.  The three metric bases that we will use are:  Meter (length)  Gram (mass)  Liter (liquid volume) kilo hectodeka Base Units meter gram liter deci centimilli

7.  So if you needed to measure length you would choose meter as your base unit  Length of a tree branch  1.5 meters  Length of a room  5 meters  Length of a ball of twine stretched out  25 meters

8.  But what if you need to measure a longer distance, like from your house to school?  Let’s say you live approximately 10 miles from school  10 miles = 16093 meters  16093 is a big number, but what if you could add a PREFIX onto the base unit to make it easier to manage:  16093 meters = 16.093 kilometers (or 16.1 if rounded to 1 decimal place)

9.  These prefixes are based on multiples of 10. What does this mean?  From each prefix every “step” is either:  10 times larger or  10 times smaller  For example  Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters  1 centimeter = 10 millimeters kilo hectodeka Base Units meter gram liter deci centimilli

10.  Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters so it takes more millimeters for the same length 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters Example not to scale 4041

11.  An easy way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step” desired Example: change meters to centimeters Since we are going from a bigger measurement to a smaller measurement we move the decimal point to the right 1.0 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters

12.  Now let’s try an example going from meters to kilometers: Since we are going from meters to a larger kilometer measurement we move left one space for every “step” from the base unit to kilo  16093 meters = 16.093 kilometers (the same direction as in the diagram below) kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli

13.  Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to kilometers 400000 centimeters = 4 kilometers 400000 centimeters = 4.00000 kilometers kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli

14.  Now let’s start from meters and convert to kilometers 4000 meters = 4 kilometers kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to meters 4000 centimeters = 40 meters

15.  Now let’s start from kilometers and convert to millimeters 4 kilometers = 4000000 millimeters or 4 kilometers = 40 hectometers = 400 dekameters = 4000 meters = 40000 decimeters = 400000 centimeters = 4000000 millimeters kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli

16.  Now let’s start from meters and convert to centimeters 5 meters = 500 centimeters kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli kilo hectodeka meter liter gram deci centimilli Now let’s start from kilometers and convert to meters.3 kilometers = 300 meters

17.  Summary 1. Base units in the metric system are meter, liter, gram 2. Metric system is based on multiples of 10 3. For conversions within the metric system, each “step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left depending on if the measurement is larger or smaller than the one you started off with kilo hectodeca meter liter gram deci centimilli

18. Length = meter Mass = grams Volume of a liquid = Liters Volume of a Solid = cm 3

19.  What would you measure with this? Length, mass or volume? What lines show milimeters (mm)? What lines show centimeters (cm)?

20.  Metric units are very nice to work with, since they are all multiples of ten of each other. You can convert between the various different sizes by merely moving the decimal point the correct number of places.  10 millimeters = 1 centimeter  10 centimeter = 1 decimeter  10 decimeters = 1 meter  10 meters = 1 dekameter  10 deka meters = 1 hectometer  10 hectometers = 1 kilometer

21. King Henry Doesn't [Usually] Drink Chocolate Milk Kilo Hecto Deka Unit Deci Centi Mili 1000 100 10 Base 1/10 1/100 1/1000

23. 5m 4m 3m 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 m

25. 5 cm 11 cm 5 x 11 = 55 square cm

26. VOLUME Is a measure of 3 dimensions: LENGTH, WIDTH, & HEIGHT In order to find volume you have to multiply LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT

27. Now that we are working with all three dimensions when finding volume, the units are cubes.

28. THIS IS 1 CUBIC CENTIMETER. (1 X 1 X 1) 1 cm

29. CALCULATE THE VOLUME OF THIS PRISM. 5 cm 8 cm 6 cm

30. The volume is 240 cubic cm. 6 x 5 x 8 5 cm 8 cm 6 cm

31. Calculate the volume of this prism. 3 cm 12 cm 5 cm

32. The volume is 180 cubic cm. 5 x 3 x 12 3 cm 12 cm 5 cm

33. Measuring Liquid Volume

34. Measuring Volume Top Image: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/science/images/20graphicaa.gif Bottom Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects. Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water. What is the volume of water in the cylinder? What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides. _____mL

35. Measuring Liquid Volume Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf What is the volume of water in each graduated cylinder? Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

36. Measuring the Volume of Irregularly shaped objects 10 cm 9 cm 8 cm We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height. _____ X _____ X _____ = _____ We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement. Amount of H 2 O with object = ______ About of H 2 O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______

38.  Density is a physical property of matter that describes how closely packed together the atoms of an element or molecules of a compound are.  The more closely packed together they are, the more dense the object. Hence, it can be helpful to know the densities

39.  Density is a property of matter that is defined as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume.  Units for density:  grams per milliliters (g/mL) if a liquid  grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ) if a solid

40. Density of Some Common Substances Substance Density (g/cm 3 ) Air0.0013 Feathers0.0025 Wood(Oa k) 0.6 - 0.9 Ice 0.92 Water 1.00 Bricks 1.84 Aluminu m 2.70 Steel 7.80 Silver 10.50 Gold 19.30 Density is an easy concept to confuse. For example, many items that we commonly think of as "light" or "heavy" do not have different masses, but they do have different densities.

41.  Water’s density = 1.0 g/mL: If object’s density is more than that, it will sink in water, if an object’s density is less than that, it will float in water  If an object’s density = water, it will be suspended in water.  Wood floats on water, steel sinks

42.  Density applies not only to solids, but liquids and gases  Example: Hot air rises because it’s less dense than the cool air  Example: Oil floats on top of water

43.  The density of a substance is a measure of how much mass is present in a given unit of volume.  Mass M Density = -------------- or D = ------- Volume v

44.  1. A student determines that a piece of an unknown material has a mass of 5.854 g and a volume of 7.57 cm 3. What is the density of the material, rounded to the nearest hundredth?

45.  Step 1: Write the correct formula at the top of your page, as well as the knowns and unknowns, with the knowns in the proper units.  m D = ------ v  M= 5.854 g V = 7.57 cm 3  D = ?

46.  Step 2: Substitute the known values in the formula  5.854 g D = ------------ 7.57 cm 3

47.  Step 3: Calculate your answer, including units  D = 0.7733 g ------------ cm 3 D = 0.7733 g/cm 3

48.  Step 4: Round to the nearest hundredth.  D = 0.77 g/cm 3  Will this object sink or float in water?  Float—its density is less than 1.0 g/mL Is this a solid or a liquid? solid

49.  Mass = 16 g, Volume = 13.5 mL, Density = ?  Does it sink or float in water? Is it a solid or liquid?  Mass = 45 g, Volume = 6.7 cm 3, Density = ?  Does it sink or float in water? Is it a solid or liquid?  Mass = 15.9 g, Volume = 4.3 mL, Density = ?  Does it sink or float in water? Is it a solid or liquid?

50. Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 50 Object DescriptionPredictionResult 1. Candle 2. Coke 3. Diet Coke 4. Golf Ball 5. Toothpick 6. Eraser 7. Apple 8. Pencil 9. Pepper 10. Rock