1. The Duel for North America 1689 - 1763

2. New France u Edict of Nantes in 1598 - ended religious wars in France. u French found New France - Quebec in 1608.

3. Jacques Cartier

4. Samuel de Champlain u The “Father of New France”

5. French influence in the New World u French traders and explorers made pacts with the Huron Indians of the lower Great Lakes.

6. French Canada

7. u The Iroquois, enemies of the Huron, became enemies of the French.

8. u French fur traders, the Coureurs de Bois and Voyageurs, lived among and intermarried with the Native Americans.

9. u Jesuit missionaries sought, often forcibly, to convert the Indians to Catholicism.

10. French Voyageur

11. Robert de la Salle u 1682 - French explorer de la Salle canoed down the Mississippi searching for the mouth of the river. u He failed to find the opening through the delta and was killed in Texas in 1687.

13. French Expansion u 1701 - Louis XIV orders the establishment of the colony of Louisiana and settlements in the interior. u Detroit founded on Lake Huron by Antoine Cadillac

16. The First World Wars u 1688 - 97 --- The War of the League of Augsburg (King William’s War) u 1701 - 1713 --- The War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War)

17. 1713 - Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Anne's War u England gains Acadia, renamed Nova Scotia, New Foundland and Hudson’s Bay u Period of “Salutary Neglect” begins in America

18. 1739 - War of Jenkin's Ear u war fought between Spain and England over trade rights.

19. 1740 - 48 -- War of the Austrian Succession. u (King George’s War) u Spain and France fight England

20. 1740 - Oglethorpe’s raid on St. Augustine fails.

21. 1744 - Lancaster Treaty. u Treaty signed with Indians in Pennsylvania

22. 1745 - u New England troops capture Fort Louisbourg on the St. Lawrence River

23. 1748 u Ohio Company of Virginia founded. u Land sought in the Ohio Valley.

24. 1748 -- Treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle u ends the War of the Austrian Succession. u Ft. Louisbourg returned to France - New England is outraged.

25. 1753 u Susquehanna Company founded. u George Washington’s first mission to the Ohio Valley.

26. u Americans continue settling in disputed Ohio territory. u French answer by building a string of forts.

27. 1754 u Virginians sent to build fort at site of modern Pittsburgh (chosen by young surveyor George Washington).

28. u The site is the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny that form the Ohio River.

29. u This is seen as an act of war by France, who already had its own fort there -- Ft. Duquesne. u Virginia militia under Washington open fire on French troops -- starting the French and Indian War.

30. The French and Indian War (1754 - 1763) The French and Indian War (1754 - 1763) u Washington is defeated in his first battle - July 4, 1754 at Fort Necessity.

31. Fort Necessity Today

32. u Colonists meet at Albany Congress to arrange a common defense -- Ben Franklin publishes cartoon “Join, or Die.”

33. u Only seven out of thirteen colonies sent delegates to the conference.

34. Join or Die

35. u The initial purpose was to keep the Iroquois on the side of the British. u Franklin’s “Albany Plan of Union” is agreed to by the delegates but rejected by the colonial legislatures and the English Parliament.

36. 1755 -- Braddock Blunders u General Braddock’s “redcoats” and colonial “buckskins” are routed again at Fort Dusquesne. u Braddock is mortally wounded. u British force 4,000 French Acadians to move to Louisiana.

37. British Redcoats

38. 1756 u French capture Fort Oswego u Earl of Loudoun assumes command of British Colonial forces

39. u British forces fail in attempts to invade Canada. u Indian raids into colonies and military defeats followed until 1757.

40. French Regulars

41. 1757 u William Pitt becomes British Prime Minister - reorganizes the army.

42. u 1757 - French take Fort William Henry. u 1758 - British capture Forts Louisbourg, Frontenac and Dusquesne

43. u 1759 - Iroquois agree to aid British forces.

44. The Battle of Quebec

45. u British take Quebec in 1759 - General Wolfe dies in the battle on the Plains of Abraham. u French General Montcalm is also killed.

46. The Death of General Wolfe

47. u Montreal falls in 1760. u Paris Peace Treaty (1763) gives all French territory east of the Mississippi to England - - Spain takes Louisiana, England gets Florida.

49. Friction between England and the Colonies u American colonists felt they had defeated the French and Indians and looked down on English regular army.

50. Western Expansion u Americans wanted to settle new lands acquired in the war. u Settlers begin pouring into western New York and Pennsylvania and along the upper Ohio river.

51. Watersheds and the Importance of the Ohio River.

52. Pontiac’s War u Indians, led by Ottawa chief Pontiac, resisted white settlements and attacked British forts.

53. Proclamation Line of 1763 u British refused to allow settlement across the Appalachians - by the Proclamation of 1763.

54. u British Parliament wanted the settlers to help pay for the cost of the war. u Americans meeting and fighting together in the war realized their similarities.