1. Perspectives of Psychology Ms. Rebecca 2009

2. Do Now: Why do you think people think, feel and act in certain ways? Are they born a certain way? Do they learn in school to act a certain way? Do they learn from friends? Why do you think people think, feel and act in certain ways? Are they born a certain way? Do they learn in school to act a certain way? Do they learn from friends?

3. Different perspectives The human mind is really complicated. So, psychologists have a lot of different ideas about why people act and think the way they do. The human mind is really complicated. So, psychologists have a lot of different ideas about why people act and think the way they do. The next slide lists the 7 most popular perspectives today. In practice, psychologist apply the perspective that best deals with the problem at hand. The next slide lists the 7 most popular perspectives today. In practice, psychologist apply the perspective that best deals with the problem at hand.

4. I’m a tv expert! BUT I only watch Prison Break. BUT I only watch Prison Break. http://www.shockya.com/news/wp-content/uploads/prison_break_ver4_poster.jpg

5. I’m a tv expert! I can learn a lot about Prison Break if I watch it all the time, but I wont know ANYTHING about other types of shows like comedies, documentaries, cartoons, the news, sports shows etc.….. I can learn a lot about Prison Break if I watch it all the time, but I wont know ANYTHING about other types of shows like comedies, documentaries, cartoons, the news, sports shows etc.….. http://everydayplaystation.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/spongebob.jpg

6. I’m a tv expert! I could never claim to know EVERYTHING about t.v. by only watching one show/type of show. I could never claim to know EVERYTHING about t.v. by only watching one show/type of show. http://rlv.zcache.com/clearly_im_not_an_expert_on_this_topic_tshirt-p2359648477432668033s9b_400.jpg

7. I’m a tv expert! But maybe if I watched all different types of shows (drama, comedy, mystery, cartoons, news, sports etc) I would be closer to being an expert of t.v. shows today. But maybe if I watched all different types of shows (drama, comedy, mystery, cartoons, news, sports etc) I would be closer to being an expert of t.v. shows today. http://www.slipperybrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/super-sized-remote-control.jpg

8. Human behavior experts Just like there are many different types of tv shows, there are also many different ideas about why humans behave the way they do. Just like there are many different types of tv shows, there are also many different ideas about why humans behave the way they do. http://www.iuniverse.com/CoverImages/100958/SKU-000025877_XL.gif

9. Human Behavior And thoughts come from many different things. And thoughts come from many different things. Some believe behavior is learned in childhood; some believe experiences in the present are more likely to impact behavior and thoughts. Some believe behavior is learned in childhood; some believe experiences in the present are more likely to impact behavior and thoughts. http://blogs.uscannenberg.org/peter_griffin/magnifying-glass.gif

10. 6 Perspectives In Psychology today there are 6 different perspectives or ideas about where human behavior comes from. In Psychology today there are 6 different perspectives or ideas about where human behavior comes from. http://www.neilmoffatt.co.uk/Images/Paintings/7Dwarfs.jpg

11. 6 Perspectives 1. Biological Perspective 1. Biological Perspective 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective 4. Humanist Perspective 4. Humanist Perspective 5. Cognitive Perspective 5. Cognitive Perspective 6. Sociocultural Perspective 6. Sociocultural Perspective

12. Biological Perspective “I was born this way” (The Complete Idiots Guide to Psychology) “I was born this way” (The Complete Idiots Guide to Psychology) http://www.health-in-action.org/library/pdf/Shaken%20Baby/Images/sm%20shake%20baby%20with%20bkgd.jpg

13. Biological Perspective Look at the body to explain the mind Look at the body to explain the mind http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_394PgFiJSRw/STLOLMPhq9I/AAAAAAAAAD0/w-22z0AJ6PY/s400/mind_body_connection1.jpg

14. Biological Perspective Influence of hormones, genes, the brain, central nervous system on the way we think, feel and act Influence of hormones, genes, the brain, central nervous system on the way we think, feel and act http://www.pawnee.org/stressbody.jpg

15. Questions Biological Perspective Answers: Is personality inherited from parents? Is personality inherited from parents? Does mental stress cause physical illness? Does mental stress cause physical illness? http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_tz6-1vjO-ic/Rkp--9Oq5sI/AAAAAAAAAtA/xKoPgfd59RQ/s400/like_father_like_son.jpg

16. Biological Perspective’s impact on Psychology - developed medicines to treat depression and other disorders - developed medicines to treat depression and other disorders -helped people to understand that mental illnesses are uncontrollable sometimes, like physical illness. Removed some stigmas of mental illness. -helped people to understand that mental illnesses are uncontrollable sometimes, like physical illness. Removed some stigmas of mental illness. http://www.viewpoints.com/images/review/2007/259/19/1189989620-84591_full.jpg

17. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective “It’s only the tip of the iceberg” “It’s only the tip of the iceberg” http://www.las.iastate.edu/careerservices/Photos/iceberg.jpg

18. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective Behavior is driven by mental conflicts deep inside us! Behavior is driven by mental conflicts deep inside us! http://www.emory.edu/ACAD_EXCHANGE/2006/octnov/neurlogy.jpg

19. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective Freud said that people have conflicts between their urges and what society says is ok. Freud said that people have conflicts between their urges and what society says is ok.

20. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective We learn when we are children to hide our real feelings, so we push our urges waaaaaaay down until we are adults and then we don’t really know the “real” reasons we do what we do because they are so deep within us. We learn when we are children to hide our real feelings, so we push our urges waaaaaaay down until we are adults and then we don’t really know the “real” reasons we do what we do because they are so deep within us. http://eccasa.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/mother-child-discipline-small-1.jpg

21. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective BUT we can get clues about our real” feelings from our dreams and seemingly unexplainable behavior BUT we can get clues about our real” feelings from our dreams and seemingly unexplainable behavior http://leoashton.vizua.com/blues%20clues/blues_clues_wp_1024.jpg

22. 2. What Psychoanalytic Psychologists think? Childhood experiences really affect how we are as adults. Childhood experiences really affect how we are as adults. Human behavior sometimes doesn’t make sense Human behavior sometimes doesn’t make sense Talking about our feelings in a comfortable setting can help people work through their “true” feelings to solve problems. Talking about our feelings in a comfortable setting can help people work through their “true” feelings to solve problems.

23. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective “We’re all just rats caught in a maze” “We’re all just rats caught in a maze” http://members.madasafish.com/~cj_whitehound/Rats_Nest/artwork/clipart/white_rat_in_maze.gif

24. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective Rats can find food in a maze if they’ve found food in the same place before. Rats can find food in a maze if they’ve found food in the same place before. Their behavior changes if the location of the food changes. Their behavior changes if the location of the food changes. http://www.tallhill.com/products/labrat/spec/labrat_spec_files/RatMazeDestroy.jpg

25. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective John Watson studied rats in mazes and said that people are the same. John Watson studied rats in mazes and said that people are the same. Behavior is just a response to something. The consequence determines whether the behavior happens again. Behavior is just a response to something. The consequence determines whether the behavior happens again. http://dogtrainerblues.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/dog-training-commands.jpg

26. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists do? What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists do? Try to understand people by studying what happens to them and how they respond. Try to understand people by studying what happens to them and how they respond. If the consequence is good, they should repeat the behavior. If not, they won’t do the behavior again. If the consequence is good, they should repeat the behavior. If not, they won’t do the behavior again.

27. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective Example: Example: Stimulus: You find out there’s a test Stimulus: You find out there’s a test Response: You study Response: You study Consequence: You get an “A” Consequence: You get an “A” Based on the good consequence of getting an “A”, you continue the behavior of studying for tests. Based on the good consequence of getting an “A”, you continue the behavior of studying for tests.

28. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists say?: What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists say?: -Behavior Modification: you can learn to change bad behavior -Behavior Modification: you can learn to change bad behavior You can get over your fears! You can get over your fears! http://www.asktheexterminator.com/artman2/uploads/1/spider_fear.gif

29. 4. Cognitive Perspective “I Think, Therefore I Am” “I Think, Therefore I Am” http://www.haroldsplanet.com/daily/images/78_ithinkithink.gif

30. 4. Cognitive Perspective Study the way people can gain, organize, and remember knowledge that guides behavior. Study the way people can gain, organize, and remember knowledge that guides behavior. http://standupforamerica.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/think-before-you-act.jpg

31. 4. Cognitive Perspective We’re much more than rats! We react to the environment but we also act on it to do things like: We’re much more than rats! We react to the environment but we also act on it to do things like: Solve problems Solve problems Make decisions Make decisions Think about options before we act Think about options before we act

32. 4. Cognitive Perspective Also, FEELINGS affect what we do too! Also, FEELINGS affect what we do too! Example: Someone who is told they have cancer but there is treatment would react very differently to the news than a person who found out they had cancer and were going to die. Example: Someone who is told they have cancer but there is treatment would react very differently to the news than a person who found out they had cancer and were going to die. http://www.shawuniversitymosque.org/articles/images/confidence.png

33. 4. Cognitive Perspective Cognitive Psychologists develop theories about mental processes and test those theories by creating situations where people are expected to behave in a predictable way (if they don’t behave in a predictable way, the theory is wrong). Cognitive Psychologists develop theories about mental processes and test those theories by creating situations where people are expected to behave in a predictable way (if they don’t behave in a predictable way, the theory is wrong).

34. 4. Cognitive Perspective Where do we see Cognitive Psychology? Where do we see Cognitive Psychology? Self-help books Self-help books Attitude adjustments can help people because it’s all about how they feel about a situation/problem. Attitude adjustments can help people because it’s all about how they feel about a situation/problem. http://askchris.essexcc.gov.uk/Files/BookJackets/4354.jpg

35. 5. Sociocultural Perspective To understand human behaviors you have to understand the culture in which they live. To understand human behaviors you have to understand the culture in which they live. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_wEbegOTGaXY/SYogSJSrooI/AAAAAAAAAHw/rpWXmiu_Bq4/s400/2.21.09+different+cultures.jpg

36. 5. Sociocultural Perspective What’s “normal” in one country may be weird in another. What’s “normal” in one country may be weird in another. http://bcdairyfoundation.ca/nutrition_education/images/So_what_is_normal.jpg

37. 5. Sociocultural Perspective In the U.S. individuality is valued In the U.S. individuality is valued In Asia it’s better to be part of a group In Asia it’s better to be part of a group http://www.framersguide.com/images/_individuality1.jpg

38. 5. Sociocultural Perspective Eating disorders are a bigger problem in the U.S. where the ideal is to be really thin. Higher rate of violence in the U.S. Eating disorders are a bigger problem in the U.S. where the ideal is to be really thin. Higher rate of violence in the U.S. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/december6/gifs/eating.jpg

39. 6. Humanistic Perspective “Look on the Bright Side” “Look on the Bright Side”

40. 6. Humanistic Perspective People are naturally good. They will try to be the best they can be UNLESS other people get in their way. People are naturally good. They will try to be the best they can be UNLESS other people get in their way. http://hellejorgensen.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c748c53ef0115707d77ce970b-500wi

41. 6. Humanistic Perspective Example: Children are good until teachers/parents etc. tell them they AREN’T good. Example: Children are good until teachers/parents etc. tell them they AREN’T good. http://alicebag.com/angryteacher.jpg

42. 6. Humanistic Perspective Then, children begin to believe that they can’t be good so they stop trying. Then, children begin to believe that they can’t be good so they stop trying. http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/050930/050930_brats_vmed.widec.jpg

43. 6. Humanistic Perspective Main ideas in Humanist Psychology Main ideas in Humanist Psychology Self-esteem is VERY important! Self-esteem is VERY important! A person’s view of their life is much more important that what actually happens in their life. A person’s view of their life is much more important that what actually happens in their life.

44. Homework: Read pp28-31 in your textbook Read pp28-31 in your textbook Using what you have learned in class, and the info in your book you must make up a scenario where someone needs psychological help. Using what you have learned in class, and the info in your book you must make up a scenario where someone needs psychological help. Then, write down what someone with each of the perspectives would say is the root of the problem and perhaps how it can be fixed. You should have 6 different reasons for the problem. Then, write down what someone with each of the perspectives would say is the root of the problem and perhaps how it can be fixed. You should have 6 different reasons for the problem. Be prepared to share with someone in the class! Be prepared to share with someone in the class!