2. FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS are : Special formulas that do not use operators to calculate a result (i.e., a shortcut formula) Example: =SUM(A6:A9) SUM is the function (A6:A9) is the argument Note: the colon (:) means “through” and is used to connect cell references/cell ranges. FUNCTIONS are: Predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order or structure. Functions can be used to perform simple or complex calculations.

3. Components of a Function Cell Reference –Relative Cell Reference: When the formula in a cell is copied or moved, the cell references adjust to its new location (changes its reference to a new column and row) Example: The Formula in cell A5 is =A3+A4 It is copied to B5 and it adjusts to =B3+B4 It is copied to B5 and it adjusts to =B3+B4 –Absolute Cell Reference: When the formula is copied or moved, the cell references remain static — the formula and cell references remain the same in the new location To create an Absolute Cell Reference, you insert a dollar sign ($) before the column letter and/or the row number of the cell reference you want to remain the same. Example: The Formula in cell A5 is =$A$3+$A$4 It is copied to B5 and it remains =$A$3+$A$4 It is copied to B5 and it remains =$A$3+$A$4

4. Relative Cell References Cell references that change relative to their new location when a formula is copied. Cell references that change relative to their new location when a formula is copied. The formula in cell B4 is relative, it adjusts to calculate the average for the student in Row 3 when copied into Cell C4.

5. Absolute Cell References Cell B13, the total goals scored, remains unchanged as the formula calculates the goal percentage for each player.

6. Mixed Cell Reference A Mixed Cell Reference is a combination of Relative and Absolute cell references: –The part of the copied or moved formula that is RELATIVE adjusts to its new location –The part of the copied or moved formula that is ABSOLUTE does NOT adjust to a new location (Remember: The Absolute cell reference contains $) Example: The Formula in cell A5 is =$A$3+A4 It is copied to B5. The Formula in cell B5 is now =$A$3+B4 Absolute $A$3 did NOT adjust. Relative A4 changed to B4.

7. Common Spreadsheet Functions SUM: The sum of the values. Finds the sum of a range of numbers — totals the range SUM: The sum of the values. Finds the sum of a range of numbers — totals the range (This is the default function for numeric data) Example: Use SUM to calculate totals for the waitress’ tips for the Mondays in June. =SUM(B2:B5) AVERAGE: The average of the values. Finds the average of a range of numbers. AVERAGE: The average of the values. Finds the average of a range of numbers. Example: To calculate the player’s batting average for the season Use =AVERAGE(A12:A410) Examples

8. More Functions MAX (Maximum): The largest value. Finds the largest number in a range of cells. MAX (Maximum): The largest value. Finds the largest number in a range of cells.Examples: Use MAX to find the highest expenses in the months between June and December. =MAX(D3:J3) Use MAX to find the most overdue payment. MIN (Minimum): The smallest value. Finds the smallest number in a range of cells. =MIN(D3:J3) MIN (Minimum): The smallest value. Finds the smallest number in a range of cells. =MIN(D3:J3) Examples

9. Advanced Functions IF Statement Functions IF Statement Functions Date Functions Date Functions Lookup Functions Lookup Functions List Functions List Functions

10. If Statement: Conditional operators used in spreadsheet functions Conditional operators used in spreadsheet functions Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and returns another value if the condition evaluates to FALSE. Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and returns another value if the condition evaluates to FALSE. Always contain 3 parts separated by commas Always contain 3 parts separated by commas –“If” statement –“True” answer –“False” answer Example: The sales manager wants to know if all the salespersons met their goal of $5000 this month. Which of the following spreadsheet functions would give him the answer? A. =A3>$5000 B. =IF(A3,”Yes”,”No”) C. =IF(A3>$5000) D. =IF(A3>=5000,”Yes”,”No”) ANSWER: D Statements Statements

11. Date Functions Date Functions Date Functions –Used to calculate a period of time such as the number of days that have elapsed since a value was entered into a specific cell –Used to calculate a 30 day due date for a record of spreadsheet invoices  NOW date – returns the current date  DATE360 – calculates the difference in days between 2 dates Examples of Date functions

12. Lookup Functions Lookup function (values MUST be placed in Ascending order) Lookup function (values MUST be placed in Ascending order) –Array  Used to compare a cell value to an ARRAY of cells and return a value that matches the location of the value in the array –Vector  Used for 2-column VECTORS or multi-column arrays. Examples

13. List Function Used to create a more user-friendly spreadsheet atmosphere. Used to create a more user-friendly spreadsheet atmosphere. –Validated  A validated list limits data entry to specific choices programmed into the function –Non-Validated  A non-validated list allows additional entries other than those provided in the drop-down menu.

14. Count Function COUNT e number of data values. Finds how many cells have a value entered. Used to COUNT the number of data values. Finds how many cells have a value entered. –Count – returns the number of cells in a range that contain numbers –CountA – returns the number of cells in a range that contain ANY value/label –Countlf – returns the number of cells that meet a condition set forth in a formula.