1. Kathy Sheriff, RN, BSNApplications of Therapeutic Services

2.  Framework and Support  Protection  Blood Cell Production or Hematopoiesis  Mineral (Calcium and Phosphorus)and Growth Factor Storage  Movement  *Sound Transduction  Triglyceride Storage  *Detoxification

3. CHARACTERISTICS  Hyaline—frosted glass  Elastic—stretchy  Fibrocartilage—highly compressible, strong EXAMPLES  Ends of bones, ribs— sternum, nose, and larynx  Ear and epiglottis  Knee and vertebrae

4.  Long axis  Skull  Vertebral Column (7,12,5)  Rib cage (12-7/3/2)  Three main functions:  Protection  Support  Carrying body parts  Upper and lower limbs  Girdles  Two functions:  Locomotion  Interact with the environment

5.  Classified as organs because contain different tissues  Bone markings—look at bones closely, bumps, holes, and ridges  Two types: Projections and Depressions or Cavities

7. http://quizlet.com/2915545/bio-210-unit-2- bone-markings-flash-cards/ crest (ex iliac crest) (projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment) narrow ridge or bone; usually prominent

8. trochanter (the only examples are on the femur) (projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment) very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

9. epicondyle (ex medial epicondyle of the femur) (projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment) raised area on or above a condyle

10. foramen (ex infraorbital foramen) (depressions and opening s for passage of blood vessels and nerves) round or oval opening through a bone

11. sinus (ex sinus in the frontal portion of skull) bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

12.  Shaft--Diaphysis  Bone ends—Epiphyses  Epiphyseal Line  Membrane—Endosteum and Periosteum  Red and Yellow Marrow Page 119

13.  Skeleton begins as cartilage  Ossification  Childhood and adolescence  Early adulthood thru middle age  After age 35  Anterior pituitary and growth hormone  Dwarfism  Giantism  Acromegaly

15.  Osteoblasts  Osteoclasts  Continuous cycle  Regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcium- regulating hormones, sex hormones— estrogen and adrogen, vitamin D  20% replaced annually

16.  Ball and Socket –shoulder and hip  Saddle—thumb  Hinge—knee, elbow, knuckle  Pivot—atlas and axis  Gliding—ankle, vertebrae  Ellipsoid—wrist

18. Vitamin D-calcium absorption  Deficiency=  Rickets  Osteomalacia Vitamin C-collagen formation (foundation of connective tissue) Deficiency=Scurvy

21.  Hematoma Formation  Soft Callus Formation  Hard Callus Formation