1. Diagram by Johann Dréo

2. 1. _______ is the vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients from the roots throughout the entire plant. Xylem Diagram by Jeffrey Winterborne 2. ________ is the vascular tissue that carries organic nutrients, primarily sugar, to all parts of the plant. Phloem Quick Review

3. The roots grow into the ground, and they serve 3 main roles for the plant: 1. Absorb water and nutrients from the soil/surroundings 2. Anchor the plant to the ground or surface it is growing on 3. Store energy, nutrients and water for future use by the plant. Quick Review

4. Photo by Ingvar-fed A new plant growth is known as a ______. The shoot system includes ______, _______, and _____________. shoot stemsleaves flowers/cones Quick Review

5. A T G C Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants. Plants must make all of their own ______________ which are a part of every nucleotide. The also make their own ____________ which are linked together to form proteins. Nitrogen is also found in ____________ which is the molecule responsible for absorbing solar energy during photosynthesis. nitrogen bases amino acids chlorophyll

6. Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is actually the most common element in the ____________, but plants cannot _______ and use this form of nitrogen. In order for plants to absorb nitrogen, it must first be __________ changed into a form that is absorbable. atmosphereabsorb chemically

7. The process of converting nitrogen gas (N 2 ) into ammonia (NH 3 ) is known as _______________. This is the first step of the nitrogen cycle, and it can happen in a couple of different ways. nitrogen fixation

8. Photo by Patrick Haney Nitrogen fixation can begin in the air when _________ strikes. There is large amounts of energy in lightning, and this heat and radiation can cause nitrogen to react with hydrogen in ways it would not under normal conditions.

9. The most common method of nitrogen fixation occurs because of ________ and other microorganisms. These bacteria have _________ which convert the nitrogen in the air into _________. This ammonia will go on to be used by other bacteria. bacteria enzymes ammonia

10. Soybean root nodules, containing Rhizobium bacteria Soybean Plants Many of theses bacteria actually live inside of the ______ of plants. Soybean plants and other ________ contain these bacteria inside of ____________. The bacteria are able to receive nutrients from the plant while the fix the nitrogen. roots legumes root nodules

11. When plants and animals die, the nitrogen contained in these organisms is digested by ____________ and released into the soil as _________. Without these decomposers, the nitrogen would remain trapped in the dead animals. These decomposers _______ the nitrogen and are a key component of the cycle. decomposers ammonia recycle

12. After the nitrogen gas (N 2 ) has been converted into ammonia (NH 3 ), it is converted once again by _________ bacteria. These bacteria absorb the ammonia and convert it into ________ (NO 2 - ) and ________ (NO 3 - ). nitrifying nitrites nitrates

13. Not all bacteria convert nitrogen into forms that plants can use. Some of them, known as ___________ bacteria, use the nitrites and ammonia themselves and convert it back into atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ). These bacteria are an important part of the nitrogen cycle that help replenish the N 2 found in the air. denitrifying

14. Once the nitrogen is converted into _______ (NO 3 - ), it can be absorbed through the ______ of the plant. Without the proper amount of nitrogen, the plant would not be able to survive. nitrates roots

15. Many plants are grown by ________ in large quantities and this can deplete the nitrogen in the soil. After a few years of growing these crops, they can start to have trouble growing because there isn’t enough nitrogen. farmers Photo by Stan Shebs

16. Photo by Rasbak Because of this, farmers _______ their crops through their fields allowing _________ to grow in each field every few years. These legumes contain nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots, and they help replenish the nitrogen available in the soil. rotate legumes

17. In some places, like ________ and ______, the acidity of the soil keeps the level of nitrates very low. Other places are very _______ and there is very little soil to begin with. In these places you might find ___________ plants. These plants get their energy from the _____, but they must trap and digest insects to get the __________ and other nutrients that they need to survive. swampsbogs rocky carnivorous sun nitrogen Photo by Noah Elhardt

18. Besides ________, plants also need to absorb _____________, and ___________. These nutrients are found in the form of potassium ions ( ___ ) and phosphate ( _____ ) containing compounds. nitrogen K+K+ potassiumphosphorous PO 4 -3

19. Fertilizers often contain an ____________ which shows the amount of each nutrient present. Each letter stands for one of the elements. N stands for ________, P stands for ____________, and K stands for ___________. N-P-K rating nitrogenphosphorous potassium

20. Answer each of the questions found on your notes.

21. Green water in the Potomac River due to increased levels of cyanobacteria. Fish death due to depleted oxygen While too little nitrogen can be a problem, too much nitrogen can also cause problems. When __________ containing nitrogen get into the water supply, they can make it too easy for microorganisms like bacteria and plankton to grow. These organisms deplete the water of _______. With this oxygen gone, aquatic and marine life suffer and often die because they do not have the O 2 they need. fertilizers oxygen