1. Independence

2. Nationalism What is nationalism? – Examples of nationalism? Grew out of Euro. Rule – Rival tribes unite Pan-Africanism – Idea – Many of these nationalists were educated in Europe. – “Africa for Africans”

3. Pan-Africanism Influenced Africans and African-Americans W.E.B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey – Both est. organizations to support nationalism Present day ex. – Hugo Chavez – Bob Marley – Malcolm X

4. New Nations 1950’s- Only 4 independent nations 1960’s-Birth of new nations Ghana – Peaceful approach – Boycotted British goods—Successful – 1 st to win independence North Africa – Algeria violently broke away from Fr. – Morocco and Libya peaceful

5. New Nations Cont. Kenya – Violently broke away from G.B. – Wanted economic and political reform GB says no! – 1,300 people died during the fight for independence Southern Africa – Guerrilla warfare earned independence – Why would they use this tactic?

6. Legacy of Colonial Rule Africans enjoyed – Tech. and standard of living of Europeans Were not prepared to rule – Lacked experience leaders Artificial Boarders – Instant conflict – Split tribes Economic Problems

7. Legacy Positive Built – Schools – Roads Gave them the frame work for gov’t New crops and farming techniques Negative No money to support – New roads – Schools – Training for jobs Militaries took over Cash crops